1. 1914-1918 The World at War 1914-1918 The World at War Created By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S., Chappaqua, NY

2. The 4 M.A.I.N. Causes of the War What were they?

3. 1. M ilitarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] (in millions of £’s.) 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73% All this is evidence of an: Anglo-German Arms Race

4. 4 ✤ Triple Alliance (1881) ✤ Russian-German Reinsurgence Treaty (1887) ✤ “Splendid Isolation” (until 1902) ✤ Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902) ✤ Entente Cordial (1904) ✤ Triple Entente (1907) 4 2. Entangling A lliances

5. Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

6. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

7. Europe in 1914

8. 3. I mperialism & Colonial Rivalries

9. 9

10. 10 ✤ Berlin Conference (1884-85) ✤ Kruger Telegram (1902) ✤ I express to you my sincere congratulations that you and your people, without appealing to the help of friendly powers, have succeeded, by your own energetic action against the armed bands which invaded your country as disturbers of the peace, in restoring peace and in maintaining the independence of the country against attack from without ✤ First Moroccan Crisis ✤ Algeciras Conference (1906) ✤ “encirclement” ✤ Second Moroccan Crisis (1911) 10 Imperialism: Major Events

11. 4. Aggressive N ationalism

12. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

13. The “Spark”

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

15. The Assassination: Sarajevo June 28, 1914 The Assassination: Sarajevo June 28, 1914

16. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

17. Who’s To Blame?

18. The Schlieffen Plan

19. Recruitment Posters

20. A Young Australian Recruit

21. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

22. New French Recruits

23. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

25. Women and the War Effort

26. Financing the War

27. Munitions Workers

28. French Women Factory Workers

29. German Women Factory Workers

30. Red Cross Nurses

31. Women in the Army Auxiliary

32. Russian Women Soldiers

33. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

34. Australian Poster

35. American Poster

36. Financing the War

37. Canadian Poster 37

38. German Poster Think of Your Children!

39. German Poster 39 “The next candidates for the Noble Peace Prize”

40. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

41. A Multi-Front War

42. The Western Front

43. 43 The Battle of the Marne (1914) wGermans came within sight of Paris. wEssentially, the end of mobility on the Western Front.

44. Trench Warfare

45. “No Man’s Land”

46. The Eastern Front

47. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

48. The Tsar with General Brusilov

49. The “Colonial” Fronts

50. Sikh British Soldiers in India

51. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

52. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

53. Fighting in China French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

54. America Joins the Allies

55. The Sinking of the Lusitania

56. The Zimmerman Telegram

58. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

59. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

60. French Renault Tank

61. 61 British Tank, 1915

62. U-Boats

63. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

64. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

65. The Zeppelin

66. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

67. Poison Gas Machine Gun

68. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

69. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

70. World War I Casualties