1. Anatomy of Plants Chapter 4

2. Prokaryotes No membrane enclosed organelles Considered primitive Examples: Bacteria & Blue green algae

3. Eukaryotes Organelles bound with membranes Organelles such as: nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles etc. Examples: plant & animal

4. Cell Walls Made of hemicellulose Protects the organelles Give structure and support Secondary cell walls are made up of cellulose, pectic, suberin, cutin, and lignins

5. Plasma Membrane The lipid bilayer membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Selective absorption

6. Protoplast Refers to the inside of the cell Cytoplasm: –The fluid surrounded by plasma membrane –Made up of proteins –Suspends the organelles

7. Organelles Internal structures within the protoplast

8. Chloroplasts Responsible for photosynthesis Contains pigments Solar energy is harvested Made up of flattened discs called grana Double membranes plastids

9. Mitochondria The manufacturing plant Site of respiration Involved in producing ATP Double membrane surrounding it

10. Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains chromosomal DNA Double membrane which is porous to allow material to pass in and out of the nucleus

11. Vacuoles 90% in mature cells Storage devices Water, Sugar, Salts, and toxic waste

12. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Site of protein synthesis Two types: Rough ER has ribosomes and Smooth ER does not have ribosomes

13. Ribosomes Decodes DNA Contains RNA

14. Golgi Apparatus (Body) Membrane bound Packages energy Delivers packaged energy to different parts of the cell

15. Tissues Meristems –Apical –Subapical –Intercalary –Lateral/cambial

16. Permanent Tissue Epidermis Parenchyma –Collenchyma, support function –Sclerenchyma, they make plant fibers or gritty cell like in pears

17. Complex Permanent Tissue Xylem Phloem

18. Structure of Primary Root

19. Structure of Primary Stem

20. Structure of leaves

21. Cell Division Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase