1. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants

3. Physical forces drive the transport of materials in plants over a range of distances.

4. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Selective permeability: Transport proteins allow plants to maintain an inner environment that is different from the outer environment.

5. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Proton pumps: ATP is used to pump H + ions out of the cell. Transport proteins let them back in, but only if they bring along some other, desirable substance.

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36. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Water potential: Ψ = Ψs + Ψp For pure water open to the atmosphere, Ψ = 0

37. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Water potential: Ψ = 0

38. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Water potential: Ψ = 0

39. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Water potential: Ψ = 0Ψp = 0 Ψs = -0.23 Ψ = -0.23 Water moves from high Ψ to low Ψ.

40. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Water potential: Ψ = 0Ψp = 0.23 Ψs = -0.23 Ψ = 0 Water moves from high Ψ to low Ψ.

41. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Water potential: In biological membranes, water moves through protein channels called aquaporins.

42. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Three major “compartments” of plant cells:

43. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Three major “compartments” of plant cells: Apoplast – cell walls and extracellular space

44. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Three major “compartments” of plant cells: Apoplast – cell walls and extracellular space Symplastic – cytoplasm of cells connected by plasmodesma

45. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Three major “compartments” of plant cells: Apoplast – cell walls and extracellular space Symplastic – cytoplasm of cells connected by plasmodesma Vacuole – surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast.

46. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Local transport can be…

47. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Local transport can be… Apoplastic

48. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Local transport can be… Apoplastic Symplastic

49. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Bulk transport is for long distances xylem phloem

50. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Bulk transport is for long distances xylem phloem

51. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Bulk transport is for long distances xylem phloem

52. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Bulk transport is for long distances Water is pulled, not pushed up the xylem xylem phloem

53. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Transpiration xylem

54. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Transpiration Cohesion xylem

55. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Transpiration Cohesion Tension xylem

56. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Outside air Ψ = -100 Mpa Leaf air spaces Ψ = -7 Mpa Leaf cell walls Ψ = -1 Mpa Trunk Ψ = -0.8 Mpa Root xylem Ψ = -0.6 Mpa Soil Ψ = -0.3 Mpa xylem

57. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Stomata help regulate the rate of transpiration

58. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Stomata help regulate the rate of transpiration

59. Chapter 36 Transport in Vascular Plants Phloem transports sugars from sugar sources to sugar “sinks.” The flow is pushed along by osmotic pressure.

60. Lab 9 Transpiration

61. Set up four potometers with four conditions.

62. Lab 9 Transpiration The first has ordinary room conditions.

63. Lab 9 Transpiration The second is under a fan.

64. Lab 9 Transpiration The third is under a floodlight.

65. Lab 9 Transpiration The fourth is kept in mist.

66. Lab 9 Transpiration Measure the water level in the pipette every 3 minutes for 30 minutes.

67. Lab 9 Transpiration Which leaves will have the highest rate of transpiration?

68. Lab 9 Transpiration Measure the water level in the pipette every 3 minutes for 30 minutes.

69. Lab 9 Transpiration Measure the surface area of the leaves when you are done

70. Lab 9 Transpiration Measure the surface area of the leaves when you are done Measure water loss per m 2

71. Lab 9 Transpiration Measure the surface area of the leaves when you are done Measure water loss per m 2 Graph your results.

72. Discussion Questions:

73. Explain why each of these conditions causes an increase or decrease in transpiration compared with the control.

74. Discussion Questions: Explain the role of water potential in the movement of water from soil through the plant and into the air.

75. Discussion Questions: What is the advantage of closed stomata to a plant when water is in short supply? What are the disadvantages?

76. Discussion Questions: Describe several adaptations that enable plants to reduce water loss from their leaves. Include both structural and physiological adaptations.

77. Discussion Questions: Why did you need to calculate leaf surface area in tabulating your results?

78. Discussion Questions: In the stem cross section shown below, identify the following cell and tissue types: Parenchyma Sclerenchyma Collenchyma Xylem Phloem Epidermis.