1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: Forming Public Opinion A democratic society requires the active participation of its citizens. Individuals, interest groups, the mass media, and government officials all play a role in shaping public opinion.

3. Chapter Intro 2 Section 2: The Mass Media In a democratic society, various forces shape people’s ideas. The media have a profound influence on the ideas and behavior of the American people and their government.

4. Chapter Intro 2 Section 3: Interest Groups Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. Interest groups, a powerful force in our democracy, use various techniques to influence public opinion and policy.

5. Chapter Preview-End

6. Section 1-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea A democratic society requires active participation of its citizens.

7. Section 1 Public Opinion Public opinion, the ideas and attitudes most people hold, plays a vital role in our democracy.

8. Section 1 Public Opinion (cont.) Public opinion refers to ideas and attitudes people hold about a particular issue or person.Public opinion Public opinion is of political importance.

9. Section 1 Sources of public opinion: –Personal background (age, gender, income, race, religion, occupation, place of residence) –Mass mediaMass media –Public officials –Interest groupsInterest groups Public Opinion (cont.)

10. Section 1 Three features of public opinion: –Direction –Intensity –Stability Public Opinion (cont.)

11. Section 1 Measuring Public Opinion The most common way of measuring public opinion is with public opinion polls.

12. Section 1 Measuring Public Opinion (cont.) Public opinion polls measure public opinion.Public opinion polls Pollster is a specialist who measures the president’s popularity or towards possible proposalsPollster Pre-Election Approval Ratings, 1955–2003

13. Section 1 Sampling public opinion: –People in sample are selected at random –Well-constructed sample reflects the entire population –Wording questions to find people’s true opinions –Push polls worded to influence responses Measuring Public Opinion (cont.)

14. Section 1 Arguments for and against polling: –Allows officeholders to keep in touch with citizens’ ideas –Makes officials more concerned with public opinion than leadership and decision-making –Affect elections and voter turnout Measuring Public Opinion (cont.)

15. Section 1-End

16. Section 2-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea In a democratic society, various forces shape people’s ideas.

17. Section 2 The Media’s Impact The nation’s media are an important influence on politics and government and also help set the public agenda.

18. Section 2 The Media’s Impact (cont.) The mass media influences politics and government, and connects the people and elected officials. America’s Use of Mass Media

19. Section 2 The Media’s Impact (cont.) Newspapers, magazines, newsletters, and books as examples of print mediaprint media Radio, television, and the Internet as examples of electronic mediaelectronic media Influence of profit on news coverage America’s Use of Mass Media

20. Section 2 Influence of the media on: –The public agendapublic agenda –Political candidates The Media’s Impact (cont.) America’s Use of Mass Media

21. Section 2 Relationship between politicians and journalists Purpose of government leaks to the medialeaks Watchdog role of the mass media Conflicts between national security and citizens’ need for information The Media’s Impact (cont.) America’s Use of Mass Media

22. Section 2 Media Safeguards Freedom of the press is protected by the U.S. Constitution, although some regulation is permitted.

23. Section 2 Media Safeguards (cont.) The government protects the ability of the mass media to operate freely. The First Amendment and freedom of the press Freedom from prior restraintprior restraint Libel and limits to freedom of the pressLibel Supreme Court ruled that public officials must prove actual malice, or evil intent, by publishermalice

24. Section 2 The media’s right to keep sources secret The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as a regulatory commission of the federal bureaucracy Media Safeguards (cont.)

25. Section 2-End

26. Section 3-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.

27. Section 3-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary public interest grouppublic interest group nonpartisan political action committee (PAC)political action committee (PAC) lobbyist Academic Vocabulary primary guarantee

28. A.A B.B Section 3-Polling Question Do you agree that groups with greater financial resources can exercise more influence over public policy than groups with fewer financial resources? A.Agree B.Disagree

29. Section 3 Types of Interest Groups Interest groups are an important part of our democratic process because they influence public policy.

30. Section 3 Types of Interest Groups (cont.) Interest groups are organizations of people who unite to promote their ideas.

31. Section 3 Economic interest groups: –U.S. Chamber of Commerce promoting free enterprise –Tobacco Institute representing cigarette manufacturers –AFL-CIO representing workers –The American Medical Association representing doctors Types of Interest Groups (cont.)

32. Section 3 Other interest groups: –NAACP improving the lives of African Americans –NOW representing women’s interests –AARP promoting interests of older Americans –Sierra Club protecting nature –NRA looking after interests of gun owners Types of Interest Groups (cont.)

33. Section 3 Public interest groups working to benefit Americans in generalPublic interest groups −League of Women Voters is an example of a nonpartisan, or impartial groupnonpartisan Types of Interest Groups (cont.) Interests groups supporting candidates and forming political action committeespolitical action committees Interest groups bringing cases to court

34. Section 3 Interest groups influencing lawmakers by using lobbyists who:lobbyists –have a good understanding of how the government functions. –know which government department to contact about concerns. –supply lawmakers with useful information that help their own cases. Types of Interest Groups (cont.)

35. Section 3 –suggest solutions and problems to lawmakers. –prepare their own drafts of bills for lawmakers. –testify in legislative hearings on bills. –see that laws are enforced. Types of Interest Groups (cont.)

36. Section 3 Do you think that interest groups have too much influence in determining the laws and policies of the United States? A.Yes B.No A.A B.B

37. Section 3 Techniques Interest Groups Use Interest groups use various techniques to influence public opinion and policy.

38. Section 3 Techniques Interest Groups Use (cont.) Interest groups use a variety of techniques to influence public opinion and policy: –Direct mail –Advertising –Organize public events and protests –Propaganda Propaganda Techniques

39. Section 3 Regulating interest groups: –Limits on PAC contributions –Registration and disclosure requirements for lobbyists –Waiting period before former government officials can become lobbyists Techniques Interest Groups Use (cont.)

40. Section 3 Controversy surrounding interest groups and lobbying Techniques Interest Groups Use (cont.)

41. Section 3 Do you agree that the practice of lobbying can easily lead to corruption and should therefore be outlawed? A.Agree B.Disagree A.A B.B

42. Section 3-End

43. VS 1

44. VS-End

45. Figure 1

46. Figure 2

47. Figure 3

48. TIME Trans

49. DFS Trans 1

50. DFS Trans 2 Voters strongly disagreed about whether to elect Kerry or reelect Bush

51. DFS Trans 3 The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and the Association of Trial Lawyers of America

52. Vocab1 public opinion the ideas and attitudes that most people hold about elected officials, candidates, government, and political issues

53. Vocab2 mass media a mechanism of mass communication, including television, radio, newspapers, magazines, recordings, movies, and books

54. Vocab3 interest group a group of people who share a point of view about an issue and unite to promote their beliefs

55. Vocab4 public opinion poll a survey in which individuals are asked to answer questions about a particular issue or person

56. Vocab5 pollster a specialist whose job is to conduct polls regularly

57. Vocab6 uniform consistent or unvarying

58. Vocab7 gender a notion of the sex of a person

59. Vocab8 survey to determine the size, shape, and position of; to gather information about, as in a poll

60. Vocab9 print media newspapers, magazines, newsletters, and books

61. Vocab10 electronic media radio, television, and the Internet

62. Vocab11 public agenda issues considered most significant by government officials

63. Vocab12 leak the release of secret government information by anonymous government officials to the media

64. Vocab13 prior restraint government censorship of material before it is published

65. Vocab14 libel written untruths that are harmful to someone’s reputation

66. Vocab15 malice evil intent

67. Vocab16 acknowledge to recognize the existence of or to make something known

68. Vocab17 benefit to be useful or profitable to

69. Vocab18 regulatory used to describe an agency or body whose function is to control or govern

70. Vocab19 public interest group an organization that supports causes that affect the lives of Americans in general

71. Vocab20 nonpartisan free from party ties or bias

72. Vocab21 political action committee (PAC) political organization established by a corporation, labor union, or other special-interest group designed to support candidates by contributing money

73. Vocab22 lobbyist representative of an interest group who contacts lawmakers or other government officials directly to influence their policy making

74. Vocab23 primary first in time or importance

75. Vocab24 guarantee to promise or give security

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