1. Anxiety Disorders

2. Fear of real or imagined danger Out of proportion to the situation 19 million Americans (c. 2001) Personal inadequacy, avoidance, mood swings

3. Types General anxiety disorder – Continual, vague apprehension – Trap themselves in a cycle of worry Phobic disorder – Fear focused on an object, situation or person – Specific or social (speaking, eating…) – Hemophobia, acrophobia, logizmechanophobia

4. Panic disorder – Sudden, helpless, terror of inevitable doom – Attacks range from minutes to over an hour OCD – Anxious thoughts + repeated coping behaviors – Problem when it interferes with what you need to do – Possible genetic basis

5. Post Traumatic Stress disorder – Severe, long lasting effects of an event – Military vets, war victims, natural disaster victims, violent crime victims – Flashbacks, nightmares – Insomnia, guilt

6. Somatoform & Dissociative Disorders

7. Somatoform Physical symptoms brought on due to psychological distress No apparent physical cause “Hysteria”

8. Conversion disorders (rare) – Emotional difficulty creating loss of physiological functions – Loss of movement or speech Hypochondriasis – Imaginary ailments – Looks for signs, misinterprets – Repressed emotions expressed with physical symptoms

9. Dissociative (rare) Normal = lost in a daydream Dis. Amnesia – Memory loss w/o biological explanation – Attempt to escape or block out traumatic events Dis. Fugue – Amnesia + flight to a diff. environment – last from days to decades – New identity possibly est. – Escape from conflict

10. Dis. Identity Disorder – (multiple personality disorder) – Eve (22), Sybil (16) – 2 or more separate and distinct identities – May or may not be aware of each other – Common cause is severe abuse at a young age

11. Schizophrenia & Mood Disorders

12. Schizophrenia Affects the working memory Random, unrelated thoughts & sentences Delusions, hallucinations Incoherence Disturbances of affect (inappropriate emotions for the situation) Deterioration in movement, functioning, & diverted attention

13. Types Paranoid (grandeur or persecution) Catatonic Disorganized Remission Undifferentiated

14. Causes Genetics (psych’s unable to pinpoint details) Chemical imbalances Poor family relationships and interactions

15. Mood disorders (intense & long lasting) Major depressive disorder – Markers = issues eating, sleeping, thinking, concentrating, decision making, lacking energy, thoughts of suicide, feelings of guilt or worthlessness – Need 4 of the above – Reduced ability to function & interact

16. Bipolar disorder – Excessively & inappropriately happy or unhappy – Manic High energy, loud, optimistic, irresponsible – Depressive Lethargy, despair and unresponsiveness

17. Seasonal Affective Become depressive in response to seasonal changes Sleep & eat excessively Linked to increase in melotonin

18. Suicide & depression Not always linked 1 suicide every 20 minutes Attempts higher in women Success higher in men More common in elderly Many times cause is unknown

19. Personality Disorders

20. Antisocial – Disregard of others w/o remorse Dependent – Submissive, needy Histrionic – Excessive emotions, attention seeking Obsessive Compulsive – “perfectionist”, control, orderly Paranoid – Distrusts, suspicious of others Schizotypal – Intense discomfort in close relationships, eccentric behavior

21. Drug Addiction

22. Psychological dependence – Restless, irritable, uneasy – M.j., alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines – Leads to physiological dependence – Tolerance increases usage – Withdrawal: mind & body revolt against lack of drug

23. Alcoholism Depressant 50% of h.s. seniors in the last month 40% of auto deaths, murders Reduces inhibitions Systematically shuts down psych & phsyio functions Factors: size, past experience, speed, family history