1. About the territorial conditions of regional tram systems. Some case studies in France Xavier Desjardins Maître de conférences – Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne CRIA – UMR Géographie-Cités

2. Introduction Why is it so difficult to develop efficient railway services in french outer suburbs ? Mulhouse Regional tram in the city centre

3. Introduction Hypothesis : the morphology of the french outer suburbanization is (most often) unfavorable to rail Two parts : 1)A comparison between Kassel and five french same size agglomeration 2)An assessment of four decades of outer suburbanization in three french urban areas from a rail-oriented development perspective

4. Imitate Kassel ? KasselRennesTours Railway or tram stations 572331 Daily stops2706294304 Railway services an ordinary working day – September 2011 In a radius of 25 kilometers around the limits of the agglomeration

5. Methodology The example of Kassel and five french urban areas Corine Land Cover data base on land use – 25 kilometers around the agglomeration – Two types of land use

6. Kassel

7. Angers

8. Dijon

9. Le Mans

10. Rennes

11. Tours

12. The size distribution (Out of the agglomeration in a radius of 25 kilometers around the agglomeration limits)

13. « Adhérence » of urbanization to the railways

14. Density

15. Conclusion about territorial conditions

16. Second part 40 years of outer suburbanization and the railways corridor : a growing mismatch ?

18. Population in 2006

19. Amiens Rennes Strasbourg Share of the population growth

20. Share of the building permits delivered in communes in the railways corridor during the last decade

21. And if …

22. Conclusion A relative indifference between job and residential location and railways corridor Spatial effects of outer suburbanization are different in Alsace, Bretagne and Picardie Effects of decentralization of building permits to commune in 1982 ? Things could have een different if regional planning would have been more efficient : a result important in a country whose population will grow quickly (8 millions of housing have to be build before 2030)