2. Name 3 of the 5 characteristics of mammals:

3. * 4 chambered heart * Warm-blooded (endothermic) * Have hair/fur * Have mammary glands * Give birth to live young

4. True/False: All marine mammals arose from land ancestors.

5. * true

6. Name 2 adaptions marine mammals have made to live in a marine environment.

7. * Streamlined body shapes * Limbs modified into flippers * Ways to retain large quantities of oxygen * Concentrated urine

8. What 2 acts protect marine mammals?

9. * Endangered species act of 1985 * Marine mammal protection act of 1972

10. What do these acts protect mammals from?

11. * Prohibits the capture, harming, and killing of any marine mammal

12. True/False: Approximately 400 million years ago, mammals evolved from now-extinct reptiles.

13. * False – 200 million years

14. True/False: Mammals evolved before dinosaurs.

15. * False – dinosaurs evolved first

16. SEA LIONSSEALS 1. 2. 3.

17. SEA LIONSSEALS 1. External ear1. No external ear 2. Long neck, able to turn in water 2. Short neck, cannot turn in water 3. Posterior flippers can be moved forward 3. Uses posterior flippers in swimming, they cannot be moved forward

18. What do walruses use their tusks for?

19. * Digging up mollusks

20. Why do walruses have stiff whiskers?

21. * They use them to feel around the ocean floor

22. What mammal is the largest pinneped? a. Seals b. Sea Lions c. Walruses d. None of the above

23. *C*C

24. What is a keystone species and how does the sea otter fulfill those requirements?

25. * A keystone species holds the food chain together, they keep smaller organisms populations in check and are sometimes food to larger organisms. The sea otter is a keystone species because if it’s populations is affected in some way it will dramatically affect its prey and its predators.

26. True/False: Sea otters eat mostly cuttlefish.

27. * False - Shellfish

28. Sea otters are the _________________ marine mammals, weighing ________ lbs

29. * Smallest * 60-80lbs

30. Sea otters are members of the order ______________. a. Pinnipedia b. Carnivora c. Sirenia d. Cetacea

31. *B*B

32. Why were the sea otters almost slaughtered to the brink of extinction and when did they become a protected species?

33. * For their beautiful fur and 1911

34. What is another name for sea lions? Why?

35. * Eared seal, they have external ear flaps

36. How do sea lions walk?

37. * They move their rear flippers forward.

38. What are sea lions anterior flippers used for?

39. * swimming

40. What do sea lions’ long necks help them to do?

41. * Turn in water

42. Sea Lion Facts(True/False) 1. Sea lions are graceful and agile swimmers 2. Sea lions have no external ears. 3. Male sea lions have external testicles 4. Sea lions were once hunted for their fur. 5. Sea lions are rarely seen at aquariums

43. 1. True 2. False – cross off no 3. True 4. True 5. False - often

44. Matching: a. Manatees and dugongs b. Seals, Sea Lions, Walrus c. Whales, dolphins, porpoises d. Sea otter and polar bears 1. Order Pinnipedia 2. Order Carnivora 3. Order Sirenia 4. Order Cetacea

45. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C

46. Seal Facts: 1. Seals have real flippers. 2. Seals have ear flaps.

47. 1. True 2. False

48. Describe how seals move.

49. * They move forward by pulling themselves along the ground

50. Why are seals protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972?

51. * Because they are hunted for their fur.

52. Pinnipeds: 1. Pinnipeds live in __________ water 2. What do pinnipeds have that keeps them warm? 3. ___________ is the largest group of pinnipeds.

53. 1. Cold 2. Thick layer of blubber 3. seals

54. Polar bears are semi-aquatic, what does this mean? a) Live on the land b) Live in the sea c) Inhabit both the land and the sea d) Live in both the sea and fresh water

55. *C*C

56. Why are polar bears on the endangered species list?

57. * Because of global warming, polar bears have loss their habitat. They do not produce many offspring.

58. How do Cetaceans breathe?

59. * They breathe air through lungs and have nostrils on the tops of their heads called a blowhole.

60. True/False Cetaceans have made the most complete transition to aquatic life.

61. * true

62. Instead of teeth, what do Baleen Whales have?

63. * Baleen Whales have rows of flexible, fibrous plates, that hang from their upper jaws.

64. Whales are divided into two groups. What are these groups? a) Apnea Whales and Brachycardia Whales b) Cute Whales and Ugly Whales c) Pinnipedia Whales and Sirenia Whales d) Toothed Whales and Toothless Whales

65. *D*D

66. Name 3 of the 9 adaptations for deep-diving:

67. * Apnea * Brachycaradia * Lowered metabolism * Blood circulation concentrated to vital organs * Voluntary reduction of body temp * Efficent exchange of air at surface * Store most of oxygen in blood and muscles * Collapsible lungs * Paddles/flippers

68. Explain echolocation of dolphins.

69. * They release tiny bubbles through their blowholes and make clicking sounds to communicate with each other and determine distances, and warn others about danger.

70. What is the structure on the top of the head that focuses and directs sound waves?

71. * The melon

72. True/False Genitalia are external in whales, dolphins, and porpoises.

73. * false

74. Which of the following is NOT a reason for breaching? a) For fun b) Attracting mates c) Scanning the surface d) Warning signal

75. *B*B

76. What are sirenians threatened by?

77. * Boat motors and severe winters

78. What happened to stellar’s sea cow?

79. * Hunted to extinction

80. What are groups of dolphins, whales, and porpoises called?

81. * pods

82. True/False Dolphins are protected and not hunted anymore.

83. * false

84. What is the closest living relative to the whales? What is the closest living relative to sirenians?

85. * Hippos * Elephants