1. ESMD Systems Integration Workshop SI Strategy & Implementation Plan Doug Cooke Craig Cornelius 15 December 2004

2. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 2 Presentation Content  Overview: ESMD Objectives, Status, Acquisition Strategy  SI Organizational Structure Formulation  Strategy Team Progress: Benchmarking, Workshop  Path Forward: Decision Analysis, Implementation Plan, RFP

3. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 3 The Vision for Space Exploration Implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore the solar system and beyond Extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations; Develop the innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures both to explore and to support decisions about the destinations for human exploration; and Promote international and commercial participation in exploration to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic interests. THE FUNDAMENTAL GOAL OF THIS VISION IS TO ADVANCE U.S. SCIENTIFIC, SECURITY, AND ECONOMIC INTEREST THROUGH A ROBUST SPACE EXPLORATION PROGRAM

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5. 5  Objectives  Implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program  Extend human presence across the solar system and beyond  Develop supporting innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures  Focus ISS research to support exploration goals  Use lunar activities to further science, and test approaches for exploration to Mars & beyond  Robotic exploration of Mars to prepare for future expedition  Human Expedition to Mars  Promote international and commercial participation in exploration  Major Milestones  2008: Initial flight test of CEV  2008: Launch first lunar robotic orbiter  2009-2010: Robotic mission to lunar surface  2011 First Unmanned CEV flight  2014: First crewed CEV flight  2015-2020: First human mission to the Moon  2012-2015: Jupiter Icy Moon Orbiter (JIMO)/Prometheus Key Elements of the Nation’s Exploration Vision

6. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 6 Implementing the Vision for Space Exploration… Concept Exploration & Technology Progress to Date  Lessons-learned reviewed and incorporated into management process  Agency-wide, Orbital Space Plane, Next Generation Launch Technology  Lessons-learned incorporated into Risk Management Plan  Released Request for Information (RFI )(May 04)  Over 1000 responses  Incorporated into Concept Exploration & Refinement (CE&R) Broad Agency Announcement (BAA)  Released CE&R BAA (Jun 04)  37 proposals received; down-select to 11; on-board 8 Sep for 6 months to validate acquisition and requirements strategies  Released System of Systems Intramural Call for Proposals (ICP) for Spiral 2 & beyond (May 04)  1300 Notices of Intents (NOIs) received; initial down-select to 137 full proposals; 47 projects selected (Jul 04)  Released Extramural System of Systems BAA for Spiral 2 & beyond (Jul 04)  3700 NOIs received; initial down-select to 500 full proposals; 70 selected

7. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 7 Required Features & Characteristics Developing Requirements and an Investment Plan Strategy-to-Task-to-Technology Process Vision NSPD Mission Concepts & Requirements Science Objectives & Concepts of Operations Tasks & Technology Roadmaps PROGRAM MISSION ENGINEERING Deficiencies TradeStudies Investment Plan Operational Environments Available Technologies PROGRAM MISSION OPERATIONS Modeling&Simulation Modeling/Simulation System Requirement Documents Affordable System Design & Development

8. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 8 Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV)—One Example Spiral Acquisition Process Spiral nth? Vision CEV Init Flt 1 st Launch Lunar Robotic Orbiter 1 st Crewed CEV Flt 1 st Human Moon Mission 1 st Uncrewed CEV Flt Mars (2020+) Spiral Nth Systems Engineering Critical Milestones Non-advocacy Reviews Independent Cost Reviews Crewed Space Flight in LEO Moon: Ext. Duration (2015-2020) Moon: Ext. Duration (2015-2020) Spiral 1 Spiral 2 Level 0, 1… Requirements Level 0, 1… Tech Maturation for Spiral insertion Tech Maturation for Spiral insertion Production & Deployment Operations & Support System Integration System Demonstration System Development and Demonstration Design Readiness Review FRP Decision Technology Development OT&E Concept Refinement Concept Decision Production & Deployment Operations & Support System Integration System Demonstration System Development and Demonstration Design Readiness Review FRP Decision Technology Development OT&E Production & Deployment Operations & Support System Integration System Demonstration System Development and Demonstration Design Readiness Review FRP Decision Technology Development OT&E Concept Refinement Concept Decision Program Initiation Production & Deployment Operations & Support System Integration System Demonstration System Development and Demonstration Design Readiness Review FRP Decision Technology Development OT&E

9. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 9 Vision Requires System-of-Systems Integration Cross-Agency Coordination & Integration Transit and Launch Systems Crew Transport Launch Crew Support Supporting Research Resource Identification and Characterization Biomedical Countermeasures and Limits Surface and Orbital Systems Landing Systems Surface Mobility Comm/Nav Commonality/Evolvability For Future Missions Mars Candidates Telescope Candidates Outer Moons Candidates Technology Options Long-Duration Habitation Surface Power and Resource Utilization Pre-Positioned Propellants The Human: an Essential Element of the System of Systems

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11. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 11 Presentation Content  Overview: ESMD Objectives, Status, Acquisition Strategy  SI Organizational Structure Formulation  Strategy Team Progress: Benchmarking, Workshop  Path Forward: Decision Analysis, Implementation Plan, RFP

12. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 12 NRC Report Findings & Key Considerations  Standing up SI model is critical near-term requirement  Focused on traditional Constellation Systems Integration tasks  No single model (e.g. Center-Based, Non-Aerospace) is ideal  NASA Centers and Prime Contractors scored well, with deficiencies  NASA HQ understaffed on systems engineering capabilities required to execute the function  Attracting government engineering talent to DC will be a challenge  Space domain expertise is essential  Hardware engineering & integration expertise is essential  Standing up a new corporate entity would take time

13. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 13 Government-Only Responsibilities NRC Report Findings  “Regardless of the systems integration approach selected, systems integration tasks related to the areas below (among others) should remain a government function.”  accident investigations  approval of cross-contract system interfaces  astronaut selection, training, and certification  handling of extraterrestrial material (lunar and Martian)  high-level requirements definition  interactions with other federal agencies  international interfaces and agreements  launch approval  operations  planetary protection and quarantine  relations with the public, the Administration, and the Congress  Safety  Independent assessment  space medical and health issues  top-level budget authority  use of nuclear material (in partnership with the Department of Energy)  “Rather than subcontract work back to the government, it would be better for the government to reduce the scope of work of the nongovernmental systems integrator.” Key Reason for Government Role in System-of-Systems Integrator Model

14. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 14 Defining a System-of-Systems Integrator Model Use Organizations Where They Are Most Capable Performance on criteria highly complementary between NASA, Aerospace Companies, & Other Options

15. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 15 Preliminary Findings & Analysis  “Systems Integration” Will Take Place At Multiple Tiers  Must be prepared to support with maximum efficiency, minimum bureaucracy  Need for SI functions across Agency & Directorate, in addition to Constellation  SI authority should reside with execution responsibility @ lowest possible level  System-of-Systems Integration Demands Creative Solution  No single model evaluated by NRC offers complete solution  Complete expertise and competence is not available in any one sector  Certain functions can only be executed by government personnel  “Hybrid model” using government and industry strengths is attractive  Strong imperative for solidifying Constellation SI function prior to CEV award  ESMD SI Model Will Be Built-Up Over Time  Near-term solution may evolve to different Long-term solution  Time-phased plan for developing capabilities is required  Systems Integration Will Take Place at Multiple Tiers  Tiers structured around functional responsibilities

16. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 16 Systems Integration Functions: Tiers Based on Level of Execution Responsibility

17. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 17 Systems Integration Organization: Structured Based on SI Execution Tiers Requirements Formulation / Systems Integration Engineering Mgt / ITA / IPAT Administration

18. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 18 Organizational Design Mechanisms: Product/Activities/Interfaces Matrix

19. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 19 Tier A: Inter-Directorate & Agency Alignment  Formulate overarching exploration strategy and approve key architecture to enable strategy  Strategic & Capability Roadmapping, Core Competency Management, Strategic Plan Formulation  Agency budget allocation & negotiations, New initiative process inputs  Manage interfaces to HQ Offices, Centers, ESMD POC Administration  Managing interfaces to International partners, Defining International strategy  Managing interfaces to other government Agencies, academic institutions, etc.  ESRRB Administration  Tier A Configuration Management Data Management

20. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 20 Tier B: Division Integration & Requirements Validation  Aligning positions on major/key architecture and exploration strategy (STT)  Requirements coordination/approval/handoff/V&V, Synchronizing acquisition strategy & requirements formulation  Program Planning (Cost estimate coordination, Budget formulation, Program control & execution, Contracting Strategy and Execution)  Defining Directorate Processes (SEMP, SAMP, PMHandbook)  DPMC Administration  Tier B Configuration Management Data Management SEPARATE  Risk Assessment, Safety & Mission Assurance

21. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 21 Tier C: Development Programs Division Integration  Analysis, approval & oversight of major/key architecture and system development decisions (particularly when interdependent between Themes/PEOs)  Allocation of resources within Development Programs Division, including analysis of acquisition strategy, schedule, costs, and performance parameters  Analysis, approval, & oversight of Acquisition Program Baselines (APBs), Key Performance Parameters (KPPs)  Alignment of program content & schedules across Themes/PEOs  Alignment of research & technology investment with systems development activities  Support maintenance & execution of SEMP, SAMP, PMHandbook  Tier C Configuration Management Data Management

22. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 22 Tiers A-C: Organization/Acquisition Strategy  Assumptions:  Government personnel will be used to meet functional requirements (especially from unfunded capacity) unless function can’t be filled by government workforce or is inherently non-governmental (e.g. scheduler)  Full set of functional requirements staffed at HQ  Acquisition Strategy Key Characteristics:  Need: Domain experts to support agency strategy & budget formulation, management of interfaces to other Directorates, Centers, and external Agencies  Need: Systems engineers to support architecture alignment with agency strategy, requirements approval & coordination, program planning, and definition/administration of directorate processes  To be resolved:  Availability of sufficient government workforce to staff HQ requirements  Possible use of SI Contractor to provide analytical support

23. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 23 Tier D: Constellation System-of-Systems Integration  Support definitions of: architecture/requirements/resource allocation  Support major/key architectural decisions, acquisition strategy and program schedule formulation, and resource allocation at the Constellation System-of- Systems (Theme) level (Includes budget/program advocacy)  Refinement/flowdown of System-of-Systems requirements to Systems and Elements, including: (1) System-of-systems and System Requirements V&V, (2) Operational sequence definition & block diagrams, etc.  Definition of implementation requirements such as reliability, redundancy, commonality  Refinement and control of program approach and phasing for Super- System and System level development  Establishment and management of critical systems integration functions:  Development of functional and system interface requirements and configuration management  Configuration management and control (including System-of-Systems change control board)  Mission assurance and safety including System-of-Systems failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)  Definition of test & evaluation, safety & mission assurance approaches  System-of-Systems risk analysis and risk reduction programs  Management of institutional support requirements for Super-System and System-level programs, including gov't engineering workforce support

24. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 24 Tier D: Constellation Organization/Acquisition Strategy  Assumptions:  Government team will provide systems engineering & integration functions necessary to complete Spiral 1 System-of-Systems design through SRR in FY2006(3 rd Q)  Initial acquisition strategy should support path to desired end-state SI organization (include key problem areas in RFP for contractor proposal)  Government retains Total System Performance Responsibility  Constellation Program and SE&I Offices co-located (location TBD)  Acquisition Strategy Key Characteristics:  Need: Gov’t (HQ/Center) integration & domain expertise, and system responsibility  Need: Contractor hardware experience and capability that ensures quality SE&I (but excluding non-hardware contractors may not be ideal)  Need: Capabilities of non-aerospace companies in integration of complex multi-element systems on schedule, on budget  Contractor team will ramp up through Spiral 1 SRR and support Spiral 2 Pre-Phase A systems engineering functions  Contract Award ~January 2006  To be resolved:  Desired End-State SI Org Model  Gov’t SI Workforce Responsibilities  Use of SI Contractor to Support Technology Program Integration Function  SI Contract Stipulations:  Ownership of Element Prime Contracts, Hardware Exclusion/Conflict of Interest  Teaming vs. Individual Contracts for different company-type capabilities  COTR Level

25. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 25 Tier D: Other Theme Systems Integration  Support definitions of: portfolios/requirements/resource allocation  Support portfolio formulation, acquisition strategy and program schedule formulation, and resource allocation at the ESRT/HSRT/Prometheus (Theme) level (includes budget/program advocacy)  Flow-down of Spiral 1-n System-of-System/System/Elements requirements to research/technology product requirements; Definition of threshold schedule requirements for research/technology infusion based on spiral requirements flow- down  Definition and management of implementation requirements such as reliability, redundancy, commonality  Refinement and control of program approach and phasing for system development and technology portfolio management  Establishment and management of critical systems integration functions:  Support of role in Strategy-to-Task-to-Technology process  Systems engineering of research/technology project requirements and interfaces  Support management of technology maturation and infusion process  System development & technology risk analysis and risk reduction programs

26. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 26 Tier D: Other Themes Organization/Acquisition Strategy  Assumptions:  Government personnel will be used to meet functional requirements (especially from unfunded capacity) unless function can’t be filled by government workforce or is inherently non-governmental (e.g. scheduler)  Functional requirements may be staffed at HQ, Centers, other locations  Acquisition Strategy Key Characteristics:  Need: Domain experts to support research/technology product requirements formulation and portfolio management  Need: Systems engineers to support insight into system development activities, technology maturation & infusion  To be resolved:  Availability of sufficient government workforce to staff HQ requirements  Possible use of support contractor to fill gaps, non-government functions  How will contract(s) for non-government support be managed separate from Tier D Constellation Systems Integrator contract?

27. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 27 Presentation Content  Overview: ESMD Objectives, Status, Acquisition Strategy  SI Organizational Structure Formulation  Strategy Team Progress: Benchmarking, Workshop  Path Forward: Decision Analysis, Implementation Plan, RFP

28. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 28 ESMD SI Strategy Team  Co-Leads  Doug Cooke  Craig Cornelius  RFP & Implementation Plan Lead  Dale Thomas  Organizational Design & Analysis Lead  Vince Bilardo  ESMD DAA-SI  Betsy Park  ESMD Requirements Division Representatives  Don Monell  Scott Altman  ESMD Development Division Representatives  Mark Borkowski  John Hutt  Constellation Theme Systems Engineering  Garry Lyles  Chris Crumbly  Other Theme Representatives  Richard McGinness  Terry Allard  John Warren  System Integrator Implementation Team Reps  Rajiv Doreswamy (RFP)

29. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 29 Benchmarking Process Evaluating Host Orgs per Evaluation Criteria Organizations in blue are potential benchmarking targets  Virginia Class Submarine Program  Bechtel  Proctor & Gamble  Nextel  Chevron Texaco

30. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 30 Industry Engagement Workshop Process Invited Orientation Briefings End State Option Synthesis 2 Contract Type, Teaming Structure, Incentive Design Assessment Statutory, Regulatory, Policy Assessment Transition, Cost and Schedule Tactical Assessment Read Aheads Session Briefouts Adjourn Evaluate Options for Day 2 Focus SE&I Strategy Team Executive Session Pre-WorkshopWed 15Dec AMWed PMThu 16Dec AM NRC Report Strategy Team Options Benchmarking Site Visit Summaries Splinter Team Briefouts Evaluation Criteria Development End State Option Synthesis 1 Splinter 1 Splinter 2 Splinter 3 Policy Splinter Transition Splinter Acquisition Splinter Thu PM Tue 14Dec PM SE&I Strategy Team Additional Inputs

31. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 31 Presentation Content  Calibration: Key Findings & Assumptions  SI Organizational Structure Formulation  Strategy Team Progress: Benchmarking, Workshop  Path Forward: Decision Analysis, Implementation Plan, RFP

32. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 32 System-of-Systems Integrator Acquisition Plan SI Model & RFP Formulation Process Flow Key

33. For Workshop Use Only – PRELIMINARY – For Workshop Use Only 33 Key Decision Events Team Recommends Org & Acq Strategy Detailed Implementation Plan Approved, RFP Team Kick Off Industry & Centers Recommend Options