1. BELLWORK  For bellwork today, you are going to focus on the status of Puerto Rico. For each argument, list the advantages & disadvantages.  When you are finished, explain your personal thoughts! In your opinion, what should the status of Puerto Rico be and why?!? Be ready to discuss your answers! AdvantagesDisadvantages Current common- wealth “ Enhanced” common- wealth Statehood Independ- ence

2. BRAINSTORM!  Although imperialism solidified America’s role as a global power, many problems still existed within the U.S. With a partner, brainstorm at least five problems that existed in America at the turn of the century.  HINT: A lot of these problems were brought on by industrialization…….

3. Problems – political corruption  Tammany Hall: Democratic Party Political Machine  Political Machine: a group the controls the activities of a political party  Controlled NYC politics/elections  Took bribes & offered favors for votes

4. Problems – Social inequality Lynching: murder by mob without a trial; often, racially motivated

5. Problems – growth of cities

6. Urbanization: the rapid and massive growth of cities; brought on by immigration & industrialization

7. Problems – Industrial Disorder

8. Problems - monopolies Monopoly or Trust: the exclusive possession or control of a commodity or industry

9. Carnegie’s NY house (left) & Rockefeller’s RI house (below)

10. Cornelius Vanderbilt: shipping and railroad

11. J.P. Morgan: U.S. Steel Corporation

12. Problems – Child Labor

13. Problems - Environment

14. Problems – Labor Conditions Union: organization of workers fighting for a common cause Strike: organized work stoppage

15. Problems – internal dissent Socialism: An economic theory that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the government. (in Marxist theory, its viewed as a transitional social state between the overthrow of capitalism and the realization of communism)

16. Progressivism Social, Political, and Economic Reforms: 1901-1918

17. Progressivism  Progressive Movement: Effort to reform the U.S. and preserve its democratic values.  Confronted the problems caused by industrialization and urbanization.  The progressives dominated politics in the 1900’s as they tried to combat society’s problems.

18. Progressive Ideals  Focus on housing shortages, political corruption, and high crime rates.  Feared the wealthy few had too much power and could easily buy their popularity.  Lived in urban areas  Believed a well-run government could protect public interest and restore order to society.

19. Important Progressives  Jane Addams: Disturbed by all the neglected children and homeless immigrants.  Created the Hull House: Community center where people could learn English, discuss politics, and have their children watched over (nursery).

20. “Action indeed is the sole medium for the expression of ethics.” “America’s future will be determined by the home and school. The child becomes largely what he is taught; hence, we must watch what we teach, and how we live.”

21. Important Progressives  Muckrakers: writers who motivated the public by highlighting social issues.  Attacked wealthy corporations, child labor, corrupt police, prostitution rings, and corrupt churches. Ida Tarbell

22.  The oil men as a class had been brought up to enormous profits, and held an entirely false standard of values. As explained once in a sensible editorial, "their business was born in a balloon going up, and spent all its early years in the sky." They had seen nothing but the extreme of fortune. One hundred per cent per annum on an investment was in their judgment only a fair profit. If their oil property had not paid for itself entirely in six months, and begun to yield a good percentage, they were inclined to think it a failure. They were notoriously extravagant in the management of their business. Rarely did an oil man write a letter if he could help it. He used the telegraph instead. Whole sets of drilling tools were sometimes sent by express. It was no uncommon thing to see near a oilrig broken tools which could easily have been mended, but which the owner had replaced by new ones. It was anything to save bother with him. Frequently wells were abandoned which might have been pumped on a small but sure profit. The simple fact was that the profits which men in trades all over the country were glad enough to get, the oil producers despised.

23. Important Progressives  Upton Sinclair: showed unsanitary factory conditions in his novel, The Jungle.  Caused the government to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act: Federal inspection of meat products and regulation of pesticide use. Currently, the FDA: (Food and Drug Administration) Currently, the FDA: (Food and Drug Administration)

25. “There would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerin, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms’ and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, so the packers would put poisoned bread out for them, they would die, and then rats, poisoned bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together.” “There would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerin, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms’ and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, so the packers would put poisoned bread out for them, they would die, and then rats, poisoned bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together.” - Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906

26. Progressive Presidents Roosevelt, Taft & Wilson