1. The Industrial Revolution: But wait– there’s more…

2. Fixed is the day of every man. VIRGIL, 1 st century BC Roman poet i.e., Everything you do today has already been predetermined

3. The 18 th century view: Man and Nature

4. The 19 th century view: Man and Nature

5. “Individuals are responsible for their own destiny.” (from ‘Self-Help’ --Samuel Smiles 1859)

6. …the condition of the poor is “voluntary and self-imposed.”

7. Liberals The new new money: the industrialist entrepreneurs

8. Liberals The new new money: the industrialist entrepreneurs …the Liberals ???

9. Post-Industrial Political Spectrum Classical LiberalismConservatism landed aristocracy for the monarchy

10. Liberals The new new money: the industrialist entrepreneurs

11. Adam Smith father of Capitalism 1776: An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Capitalism -private ownership of capital (the goods & means of production) -every owner’s goal is to maximize their profit

12. “Man is led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society.”

15. Classical Liberalism for “modern government” - constitutions guaranteeing basic freedoms - representative assemblies No government interference in the marketplace against universal suffrage

16. Post-Industrial Political Spectrum Classical LiberalismConservatism landed aristocracy for the monarchy entrepreneur industrialists for republican government but limited suffrage

17. The new laborer

18. Socialists Hero Neede d

19. Karl Marx father of Communism 1848: The Communist Manifesto (with Friedrich Engels) Communism -public ownership of capital -“From each according to his ability; to each according to his need”

20. Every great town has one or more slum areas where workers struggle through life as best they can, out of sight of the more fortunate classes of society…. The streets are usually unpaved, full of holes, filthy and strewn with refuse. Since they have neither gutters nor drains, the refuse accumulates in stagnant, stinking puddles. The view of Manchester is quite typical. The main river is narrow, coal-black and full of stinking filth and rubbish which deposits on the bank … one walks along a very rough path on the river bank to reach a chaotic group of little one-storey, one room cabins … in front of the doors, filth and garbage abound. from The Conditions of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels, 1844

21. 19 th Century Political Spectrum Classical LiberalismConservatism for the monarchy Socialism for the workers entrepreneur industrialists for republican government but limited suffrage

22. 19 th Century Political Spectrum Classical LiberalismConservatism for the monarchy Socialism for the workers entrepreneur industrialists for republican government but limited suffrage “Go where you belong from now on …into the dustbin of history!” Leon Trotsky, Russian and Marx fan

23. 19 th Century Political Spectrum Classical Liberalism Socialism for the workers entrepreneur industrialists for republican government but limited suffrage “Go where you belong from now on …into the dustbin of history!” Leon Trotsky, Russian and Marx fan