1. METAPHYSICS ONTOLOGIES OFTEN CENTER ON MIND-BODY & MAY DEAL IN ISSUES OF COMPLEMENTARITY (APPARENT CONTRADCTORY PROPERTIES: eg WAVE, PARTICLE)

2. SOME IDEALISTS PLATO: Ideal Forms, Justified belief HEGEL: Monism: identity of Being and Thought

3. SOME MATERIALISTS Democritus: Matter and Void Hobbes: All is matter and motion Marx: Thesis on Democritus

4. SOME DUALISTS ARISTOTLE: World material, Mind immaterial AQUINAS: Reinvent Aristotle for Church DESCARTES: Substance dualism

5. EPISTEMOLOGISTS Classifications of various epistemologies and metaphysics are not always consistent

6. EMPIRICISM HUME: Knowledge comes through senses DENNETT: Mind equals Brain

7. RATIONALISM PLATO: Knowledge through reason DESCARTES: Doubt the senses LEIBNIZ: Math is innate CHOMSKY: Language is innate

8. CONSTRUCTIVISM VICO (fl1700 ) : The true and the fabricated are convertible. History progresses and so does knowledge

9. OVERLAP? ARISTOTLE: Sense plus rational mind LOCKE: Noumena & phenomena (internal & external experience) DESCARTES: Rationality clears the shadows