2. State Standard SB4B. Explain the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems by Explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C, O, H, N, P). Flow of Matter (2.3)

3. CYCLES IN THE BIOSHPHERE 2.3 Cycling of Matter Principles of Ecology  Energy is transformed into __________ forms to support the functions of an ecosystem. There must be a constant ____________.  The cycling of ____________ in the biosphere involves both ____________ in living organisms and physical ____________ found in the environment such as weathering. Chapter 2

4. THE WATER CYCLE Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter Chapter 2

5. Principles of Ecology  Freshwater constitutes only about _____ percent of all water on Earth.  About 69 percent of all freshwater is found in ice caps and ____________. 2.3 Cycling of Matter Chapter 2  Approximately 90 percent of water vapor ____________ from oceans, lakes, and rivers; 10 percent evaporates from the surface of plants through a process called ____________. THE WATER CYCLE CONT’D

6. Principles of Ecology THE CARBON & OXYGEN CYCLES 2.3 Cycling of Matter Chapter 2

7. Principles of Ecology  Carbon and oxygen recycle relatively ____________ through living organisms.  The carbon & oxygen cycles are closely ____________. 2.3 Cycling of Matter Chapter 2  Carbon and oxygen often make up molecules ____________ for life. THE CARBON & OXYGEN CYCLES CONT’D

8. Principles of Ecology Long-term Cycle  Organic matter converted to peat, coal, oil, or gas deposits (_______ fuels) – involves C only  Calcium carbonate (limestone) – involves C&O Short-term Cycle  Photsynthesis/Cellular Respiration (C&O)  ____________ fossil fuels - involves C only 2.3 Cycling of Matter Chapter 2 THE CARBON & OXYGEN CYCLES CONT’D Carbon has both ______ & ______-term cycles.

9. Principles of Ecology THE NITROGEN CYCLE  Nitrogen ______ ____ have a long- term cycle!  The capture and conversion of nitrogen into a form that is ____________ by plants is called nitrogen ____________. 2.3 Cycling of Matter Chapter 2

10. Principles of Ecology  Consumers get nitrogen by ____________ plants or animals that contain nitrogen. 2.3 Cycling of Matter Chapter 2  Nitrogen enters the food web when plants ____________ nitrogen compounds from soil. THE NITROGEN CYCLE CONT’D

11. Principles of Ecology  Nitrogen is ____________ to the soil in several ways:  Animals ____________.  Organisms ________.  Organisms convert ____________ into nitrogen compounds.  Denitrification 2.3 Cycling of Matter Chapter 2 THE NITROGEN CYCLE CONT’D

12. Principles of Ecology THE PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE CONT’D 2.3 Cycling of Matter Chapter 2

13. Principles of Ecology Short-term Cycle  Phosphorus is cycled from the ______ to ____________ and then from the producers to ____________. Long-term Cycle  ____________ or erosion of rocks that contain phosphorus slowly adds phosphorus to the cycle. 2.3 Cycling of Matter Chapter 2 THE PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE CONT’D Phosporous has both long & short-term cycles.

14. SUMMARY 1 Biogeochemical cycles include the ____________ of important elements between the abiotic & biotic parts of an ecosystem. The carbon & oxygen cycles are closely ____________.

15. SUMMARY 2 Nitrogen gas is ____________ in its ability to enter ____________ portions of the environment. ____________ & ____________ are the only 2 that have short-term & long-term cycles.