1. Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG Image by Riedell CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2

2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “ genetic library ” becomes too great Ex: Small town library has 1000 books. As town grows and more people borrow books, there may be a waiting list to read the most popular titles DNA OVERLOAD http://www.adc.state.az.us/images/Off-Library.JPG

3. 2 Reasons why cells divide 2. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand for transport across membrane is too great Material exchange can ’ t keep up http://www.animationlibrary.com

4. Ability to transport of oxygen, food, waste across cell membrane depends on _______________ Need for these depends on ___________ SURFACE AREA CELL VOLUME As cell grows these DON ’ T increase at the same rate See relationship between volume and SA

5. BIGGER CELLS NEED MORE FOOD and OXYGEN, but CAN ’ T TRANSPORT IT FAST ENOUGH or IN BIG ENOUGH QUANTITIES! http://www.animationlibrary.com

6. Multicellular organisms grow mainly by increasing cell number Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG Image by Riedell

7. SPREAD OUT IN NON-DIVIDING CELLS SCRUNCHED UP IN DIVIDING CELLS CHROMATIN CHROMOSOMES DNA CAN BE:

8. DNA in PROKARYOTES BACTERIAL DNA is CIRCULAR HAVE ONE CHROMOSOME NO NUCLEUS; ATTACHED TO CELL MEMBRANE http://www.origin-life.gr.jp/3202/3202121/fig6.jpg

9. DNA in EUKARYOTES (Plants & Animals) DNA is ROD-SHAPED CHROMOSOMES MANY PAIRS FOUND IN NUCLEUS http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/chrom2.jpg

10. Chromosome structure ___________________ 2 identical arms __________________ constricted area holds chromatids together __________________ PAIR 2 of each chromosome (one from mom; one from dad) CHROMATIDS CENTROMERE HOMOLOGOUS

11. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES http://arnica.csustan.edu/biol3020/cell_division/cell_division.htm SAME SIZE SAME SHAPE CARRY GENES for the SAME TRAITS BUT ______________! (Don ’ t have to have the SAME CHOICES) http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/genetics%20tutorial.htm NOT IDENTICAL

12. CELL DIVISION in PROKARYOTES Bacteria reproduce using __________________________________ BINARY FISSION http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mitosis/fission.jpg

13. ______________ = series of events that cells go through as they grow and develop cells alive cell cycle CELL CYCLE

14. INTERPHASE – non-dividing phase G 1 - Grow bigger Cell is “ doing its job ” DNA is spread out as chromatin S - Synthesis (copy DNA) & chromosomal proteins G 2 - Grow bigger, make organelles & molecules needed for cell division

15. CELL DIVISION MITOSIS – Nuclear division Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis – Cytoplasm divides G 0 – cell stops dividing (Ex: nerve cell)

17. INTERPHASE (G 1 - S - G 2 ) In between divisions Cells are in this phase most of the time Can see nucleus DNA spread out as chromatin Can ’ t see chromosomes DNA gets copied (S) Cell gets ready to divide

18. PROPHASE 1st dividing phase Spindle fibers form & attach to chromosomes Nuclear membrane & nucleolus disappear DNA scrunches into chromosomes Centrioles appear in centrosome region & move to poles Pearson Education Inc publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/102/lectures/08mit&veg102.html

19. ________ region organizes spindle Spindle MICROTUBULES are part of cytoskeleton http://www.coleharbourhigh.ednet.ns.ca/library/organelle_worksheet.htm CENTROSOME

20. METAPHASE Chromosomes line up in ___________ middle Images from: Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0247.JPG

21. ANAPHASE Centromeres split Centrioles pull chromatids_______ apart Images from: Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0247.JPG

22. TELOPHASE (reverse prophase steps) See ______ nuclei Nuclear membrane & nucleolus return Chromosomes spread out as chromatin Centrioles disappear Spindle fibers disappear two Images from: Pearson Eduction Ince; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall http://www2.bc.cc.ca.us/cnewton/Biology%2011/Mitosis.html

23. CYTOKINESIS Cytoplasm splits into 2 cells ANIMAL CELLS pinch cytoplasm in two with a ______________________ CLEAVAGE FURROW

24. CYTOKINESIS Cytoplasm splits into 2 cells PLANT CELLS can ’ t pinch because they have a sturdy ____________ Plant cells separate cytoplasm by growing a _______________ down the middle. CELL PLATE CELL WALL http://www.eastcentral.edu/acad/depts/BI/plant_mitosis_nolabels.html

25. Go to Section: Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Section 10-2 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

26. Go to Section: Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Section 10-2 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

27. Go to Section: Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Section 10-2 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

28. Go to Section: Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Section 10-2 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

29. Go to Section: Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Section 10-2 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

30. Go to Section: Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Section 10-2 Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis

31. Videos Animal Cell Mitosis Animal Cell Cytokinesis

32. Go to Section: includes is divided into Concept Map Section 10-2 Cell Cycle

33. Go to Section: includes is divided into Concept Map Section 10-2 Cell Cycle M phase (Mitosis) Interphase G 1 phaseS phaseProphaseG 2 phaseMetaphaseTelophaseAnaphase