1. ECOLOGY
by GROUP 1

2. 7.1 Introduction to Ecology
Biosphere, biogeographical regions, biomess, habitats,
microhabitats, ecological niche
7.1.2 The environment
a. The physical environment
b. The biotic environment
The scope of ecology
Factors affecting the distribution of Organism
Aquatic and terrestrial biomes

3. 7.1.1 Biosphere,biogeographical regions,biomess,habitats,microhabitats, ecological niche

4. BIOSPHERE
The parts of the land, sea, and atmosphere in which organisms are able to live. 
The biosphere is an irregularly shaped, relatively thin zone in which life is concentrated on or near the Earth's surface and throughout its waters.

5. BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS
An area of animal and plant distribution having similar or shared characteristics throughout
Biogeographic regions determined independently for different groups of organisms usually coincide
Helps understand evolutionary and geological factors that contributed to regional patterns of biodiversity

6. Nearctic: Canada, the U.S.A. and temperate Mexico.
Palaearctic*: Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, the Himalayas and northern Asia.
Nearctic: Canada, the U.S.A. and temperate Mexico.
Neotropical: Central and South America.
Afrotropical: Sub-Saharan Africa.
Oriental: India to Indonesia.
Australasian: Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea.
(* The division of the Palaearctic into an eastern and a western subregion follows that given by de Lattin (1967), which approximates to the course of the Yenisey River in Russia.)

7. BIOMESS
A biomess is a large region characterized by a specific kind of climate and certain kinds of plant and animal communities
There are terrestrial biomes (land) and aquatic biomes,both freshwater and marine(saltwater)

8. HABITATS
A habitat is a place where animals or plants live,where they get food,water and shelter. 
Habitats vary greatly from organism to organism,because all living things have different needs of survival.
Some species have flexible habitat needs,while other species require very specific habitats in order to survive.

9. MICROHABITATS
The precise location within a habitat where a species is normally found
It is a small ,often highly specialized, and effectively isolated location
The term microhabitat generally applies to invertebrates which do not forage widely
Example: Within a woodland habitat, woodlice may be found in the microhabitat provided beneath the bark of the rotting wood

11. ECOLOGICAL NICHE
The place or function of a given organism within its ecosystem.
Niche: A species role within it’s habitat
Different organisms may compete for the same niche.
Example: in a forest there may be a niche for an organism that can fly and eat nectar from blossoms.

12. The Scope Of Ecology
Ecology is a term coined from the Greek oikos, which means home, and the Latin and Greek roots of our word logic, which refers to scientific study or thought.

13. Emphasis It was planned on specific characteristics .
To be successful in its habit .

14. Ecology represents an extension of that hierarchy :
Species : individuals identified by their common genetic makeup , behavior , physical characteristic and ability breed .
Population : individual of particular species with given area .
Community : consists of all living organism in a given area .
Ecosystem : biotic and abiotic companents of a habitat and interrelationship .

15. Biosphere : connected to all ecosystem and data of their interrelationship

16. Homeostasis Process – photosynthesis - metabolism Materials – oxygen
- nutrients
- carbon dioxide
- waste
Organism – predators
- prey

17. THE END
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