2. Social Studies Chapter 1 Ancient Civilizations The Tools of History

3. the study of Earth and its people geography

4. one of 7 large landmasses on Earth continent Antarctica North America South America Africa Europe Asia Australia

5. a naturally formed feature of Earth’s land surface landform

6. pattern of weather conditions in a certain location over a long period of time climate

7. plant life in an area vegetation

8. measure distance east and west of the prime meridian longitude

9. m e a s u r e d i s t a n c e n o r t h a n d s o u t h o f t h e e q u a t o r latitude

11. an equal half of the globe hemisphere this is the western hemisphere the eastern hemisphere is on the side we cannot see

12. Maps showing features (i.e. country boundaries) that people make political map Africa does not look like this from space

13. map showing landforms and bodies of water physical map

14. map showing a distribution or pattern thematic map

15. a human-made object artifact

16. a preserved remain of early life fossil

17. a human or human-like creature that walks on two feet hominid

18. period marked by the use of the simplest tools by the earliest humans (2.5 million-8,000 B.C.) Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)

19. period during which early humans began to control fire and develop language (10,000 – 6,000 B.C.) Mesolithic Age (Stone Age)

20. period marked by the beginning of farming and the development of pottery and weaving (8,000 – 3,000 B.C.) Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)

21. something written or created by a person who witnessed a historic event primary source

22. an account of a historical event written by someone who did not witness the event secondary source

23. an unwritten account of an event passed on by word-of-mouth oral history