2. 1. What is environmental health? 2. Environmental hazards 1 3. Health damage by: 3.1. Air 3.2. Water 3.3. Soil 3.4. Food 4. Scale for public health 1. Gefahren

3. environmental changes in relation to human health adverse 1 consequences of physical and chemical effects on human health load of pollutants in air, water, soil and food 1. unerwünscht

4. Global climate change by concentration of greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere

5. Damage of the skin

6. Damage of the eyes

7. Damage of the immune system - suppression of the immune reaction - increased sensitivity to infections - activation of hidden virus infections

8. Positive, direct effects - formation of vitamin D in the skin - prevention 1 of osteomalacia 2 - possible preventing high blood pressure - altered 3 well-being - influences on sleep cycles 1.Vorbeugung 2.Knochenerweichung 3.verändert

9. Indirect effects - influences on the climate - influences on the food supply - spread of pathogens 1 - air pollution 1.Krankheitserreger

10. loss of fertile 1 soil, groundwater and fishing grounds reduction of food engendering 2 ecosystems desertification 3 1.fruchtbar 2.hervorbringend 3.Wüstenbildung

11. chemical substances are extremely durable and spread worldwide - some of them affect the functions in the nervous system, immune system and the areas that are responsible for the reproduction - sometimes you can not watch them any time longer as specific and limited-acting poisons

12. higher concentration of: - sulfur dioxide - carbon monoxide - nitrogen oxides - particles - hydrocarbons effect is influenced by factors such as temperature or humidity 1 1.Luftfeuchtigkeit

13. changes in the natural composition of air because of: - smoke - soot 1 - dust - gases - aerosol - vapors 2 - odorants 1.Ruß 2.Dämpfe

14. chronic inflammation of the bronchi and lungs dried mucous membranes in nose, mouth and throat allergies chronic headache 1 skin troubles (neurodermitis) 1.Kopfschmerzen

15. in the investigated countries 6% of the deaths are caused by air pollution annual infection levels, that are caused by the traffic-polluted air are: - >25.000 new infections of chronic bronchitis - >290.000 bronchitis episodes for children - >500.000 asthma attacks - >16.000.000 days limited capacity

16. polluted air is similar dangerous as passive smoking higher risk of dying from lung cancer or heart disease

17. water contamination is in many ways - not only because of households, also because of production processes in trade, agriculture and industry advanced sewage treatment plants 1 ensure the cleaning of water - during accidents it comes back to water pollution 1.hochmoderne Kläranlagen

18. pollution by pesticides - rainfalls transport the pesticides in the groundwater or directly into rivers and streams pollution by oil - trough leaks oil flows in the seas and pollutes water and beaches

19. >1 million tons of oil flow in the oceans every year ca. 400.000 tons of oil flow in the water due oil drillings 1 every year ca. 500.000 tons of oil are caused by us every year 7000 tons of kerosene are yield by airplanes above the ocean every year Industry doesn´t play a big role 1.Ölbohrung/Ölgewinnung

20. algae occur because of the overload of oceans and rivers with nitrogen and phosphate compounds and urban wastewater - led to pestilential mass extinction of fish, seals and other microorganism old medication enters the ground water because of the sanitation

21. In some countries for example Bangladesh: arsenic occurs in the groundwater naturally 80.000.000 million people are effected arsenic can be removed only very difficult with a filter health consequences such as arsenic poisoning

22. increase 1 in biologically dead waters increase in ground water contamination and a disappearance of clean water recourses on the earth 7.000.000 people die each year from diseases that are caused by bad water quality 1.Zunahme

23. 2,4 million people have no sanitation - high child mortality - every 10 seconds a child dies

24. diarrhea/cholera: 2.200.000 deaths/year - half of them are children younger than 5 years with access to clean drinking water diseases would reduce ca. 26% malaria: 1.100.000 deaths/year decrease of diseases trough better water management typhus: 17.500.000 diseases/year permanent access to safe water would prevent the spread of the disease 1.Gegenmaßnahmen

25. hepatitis A: 1.500.000 clinical cases/year transmission trough unhygienic conditions and lack of water trachoma: 6.000.000 blind people/year - 146.000.000 in treatment safe drinking water would reduce new cases 25% in a year

26. debasement and loss of ecosystem services can be a natural process, but also can be affected by people ground is, based on a human life, not a renewable resource vegetation cover is destroyed by overgrazing, burning and deforestation

27. mismanagement contamination Destruction of the soil structure threat of fundamental food today 20% of soil used by people show sings of degration in the next 25 years a loss of food between 15 and 35% is expected

28. loss of soil as a food source biochemical cycles like the water circulation will be disturbed loss of soil will also reduce his function as reservoir for greenhouse gases climate change will increase

29. cancer development damage of young children´s brains kidney damage expansion of leukemia liver toxicity depression of the central nervous system headache, nausea 1, physical fatigue, eye inflammation, rash 2 1.Übelkeit 2.Hautausschlag

30. food is necessary for building up the organism and receive his health the quality of food plays a big role by pollution and adverse influences, the development or production of food can be affected humans are the highest element in the food chain highest risk of pollution

31. malnutrition: if the quantity or combination of nutrition isn´t in comment with the request of human organism

32. causes of malnutrition are: - famines 1 because of crop failures, wars, catastrophes and diseases lack of knowledge bad eating habits 2 1.Hungersnöte 2. Essgewohnheiten

33. scurvy vitamin C deficiency beriberi vitamin B deficiency diabetes obesity

34. DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Year) - describes numbers of living years lost because of premature death combined with loss of lifetime due to disability the DALY is divided in: - years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) inclusion of age die - years of life lived with disability (YLD) inclusion of disease duration, age at the beginning and the factor of severity of illness

35. region of Africa: 1.894.000 lost years of life region of South Asia: 2.572.000 lost years of life developed countries: 8.000 lost years of life world: 5.517.000 lost years of life