1. Ancient Egypt
The Gift of the Nile

3. The Nile River Brought life to Egypt
Bi-annual flooding deposited large amounts of silt.
Without the flooding of the Nile, farming in Egypt would not be possible.

4. Civilization begins
Nomadic
Villages
Farming

5. Civilization begins… Used irrigation to control the river’s flow
Nile delta – large area of rich soil
Grew variety of crops
Barley, wheat, vegetables, fruit
Nile provided water and food
Fresh water, geese, duck, fish

6. Natural barriers
Mediterranean and Red Seas
Deserts
Cataracts

7. Egypt Unites Egypt originally two parts: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt
Menes unites two parts by marriage to Lower Egypt princess
Menes becomes 1st pharaoh and creates 1st dynasty

8. Bellwork: Quiz Chapter 4.1&2
In which direction does the Nile River flow?
What physical feature is to the east and west of Egypt?
What is the Gift of the Nile?
Who is the most important person in Egypt?
The most fertile soil in Egypt can be found in the _________, where the Nile meets the Mediterranean Sea.

9. Essential Question #7
What are the characteristics and accomplishments of the Nile River Valley civilizations?

10. The Old Kingdom
A period in which the Egyptians developed a system based on the belief that the pharaoh was both king and god.
Social classes appeared as population grew.
Egypt began to barter/trade with other countries.

11. Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Pharaoh
Priests and Nobles
Craftspeople and Scribes
Farmers, servants, and slaves

12. Egyptian Religion Practiced polytheism Focused on afterlife
Believed body and spirit were linked

13. Egyptian Pyramids Built as tomb for pharaoh
Size and shape displays pharaoh’s importance
People’s link to the gods
Pharaoh Khufu builds Great Pyramid

14. The Middle Kingdom
A period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC
Taken over by group called the Hyksos
Ahmose of Thebes drove Hyksos out of Egypt and declared himself pharaoh of all Egypt

15. The New Kingdom Period during which Egypt reached height of power
Military power made Egypt rich

16. Growth and Trade Used system of bartering
Created trade routes to various lands Egypt took over
Imports – goods being brought into the country
Exports – goods being sent out of the country

17. Important People
Ramses II – one of greatest pharaohs ever; great military leader
Queen Hatshepsut – increased trade

18. Hebrews Became known as the Jews
Moved from Mesopotamia to Canaan; became slaves in Egypt
Practiced the world’s first monotheistic religion: Judaism
Belief in one God; belief that God will send a messiah (savior) to save the Jewish people
The Torah is the sacred text of Judaism were all of the origins and basic laws of Judaism are recorded.

19. Four Important Hebrew Leaders
Abraham – called the “father of the Hebrews;” introduced belief in God to the Hebrews; lead the Hebrews into Canaan
Moses – great leader of the Hebrews; lead the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt; God gave Moses the Ten Commandments (10 most important laws to live by; foundation of Judaism) to give to the Hebrews
King David – founder of the Kingdom of Israel; established Jerusalem as a holy city
King Solomon – built the first great Jewish temple; making Jerusalem and its temple powerful symbols of the Jewish faith in God