1. RADIOLOGIC IMAGING EQUIPMENT 1

2. THE X-RAY ROOM 2

3. PROCESSING ROOM 3

4. THE X-RAY ROOM 4

5. X-RAY TUBE CONTROL PANEL ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT 5

6. 6

7. THE X-RAY TUBE Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum 7

8. THE X-RAY TUBE Electromagnetic Radiation Bits of energy that passes thru matter Travels at the speed of light Not always ionizing!!!! photon 8

9. THE X-RAY TUBE REVIEW OF X-RAY DISCOVERY CROOKE’S TUBE WILHELM ROENTGEN’S OBSERVATIONS November 8, 1895 BERTHA ROENTGEN’S HAND 9

10. THE X-RAY TUBE What do you need to produce ionizing radiation? 10

11. THE X-RAY TUBE A source of electronsA force to move them quickly Something to stop them very suddenly 11

12. THE X-RAY TUBE Remember the light bulb!! 12

13. THE X-RAY TUBE 13 The source of electrons

14. THE X-RAY TUBE 14 The Law of Attraction

15. THE X-RAY TUBE Simple car battery 15

16. THE X-RAY TUBE 16

17. 17 Let’s make this terminal very negative Let’s make This terminal Very positive

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19. THE X-RAY TUBE 19

20. THE X-RAY TUBE anodecathode Glass envelope Tube housing X-ray tube 20

21. THE X-RAY TUBE 21

22. THE X-RAY TUBE 22

23. THE X-RAY TUBE Cathode filament Focusing cup Milliamps Anode Target/focal track rotor kilovolts 23

24. THE X-RAY TUBE CATHODE ANODE VACUUM GLASS ENVELOPE CURRENT 24

25. THE X-RAY TUBE 25

26. THE X-RAY TUBE 26

27. THE X-RAY TUBE 27

28. THE X-RAY TUBE anodecathode Glass envelope Tube housing X-ray tube 28

29. THE X-RAY TUBE Glass Envelope vacuum Pyrex glass Surrounds anode and cathode Tube Housing Lead and steel Port for exit beam Surrounds glass envelope 29

30. THE X-RAY TUBE 30

31. THE X-RAY TUBE steel casing Glass envelope Port/window oil Lead casing anode cathode Which end of tube is the positive end? Which end is the negative end? Is this a stationery or rotating anode? 31

32. THE X-RAY TUBE What is electromagnetic spectrum? What are photons? What is radiation? What is ionizing radiation? What is x-ray? What are roentgen rays What are photons? 32

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35. 35

36. THE X-RAY TUBE The amount of electrons burned off TThe amount of time charged is applied The strength of the positive charge 36

37. THE X-RAY TUBE The amount of electrons burned off Milli-amperage Electron cloud Thermionic Emission Focusing cup ??amount of electrons??? ? How many mA are applied? 37

38. THE X-RAY TUBE The amount of time charged is applied The longer the the milli-amps are applied, the more electrons are burned off. How many seconds are applied? 38

39. THE X-RAY TUBE The strength of the positive charge The stronger the force of the positive charge, the faster the electrons rush toward anode, The more x-rays are generated. The force of the charge is measured by kilovoltage (kV) applied to the anode 39

40. THE X-RAY TUBE milli-Amperage (mA) Time-(in fractions of seconds) kilo-Voltage (kV)(kVp) technique 40

41. CONTROL PANEL Where the technologist controls the x-ray machine Where technique selection occurs Always located outside the x-ray room 41

42. CONTROL PANEL 42

43. CONTR0L PANEL  kVp controls Strength of beam  kVp more penetrating  50-110 kVp in diagnostic x-ray  Controls contrast and density on  image 43

44. CONTROL PANEL  mA controls the amount of electrons  Time controls how long the electrons are sent to anode  Frequently used as a single unit of measure mAs  Controls the density of the image 44

45. ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT  Image Receptors  Table  Tube supports  Grids  Collimators  Misc Equipment 45

46. IMAGE RECEPTORS  Film cassettes  CR cassettes  Direct imaging  Bucky tray(grid)  Wall Bucky tray(grid) 46

47. IMAGE RECEPTORS Film Cassettes are light tight, with intensifying screens. They serve to hold the film safe from any damage. CR cassettes look almost identical but contain a PSP plate that is used to create the image. 47

48. IMAGE RECEPTORS 48

49. TABLE 49

50. TABLE 50

51. TABLE 51

52. TUBE SUPPORTS Tube Suspension systems are available in 5 versions. Be sure to check the book for configurations. 52

53. TUBE SUPPORTS Designed to help technologists with various tube locations for creative imaging. 53

54. TUBE SUPPORTS Tube Movement  Longitudinal  Transverse  Vertical  Angling or Rolling  Rotating  Telescoping 54

55. COLLIMATORS Limits the X-ray field Limits the transverse and longitudinal field Positive beam limitation 55

56. COLLIMATORS 56

57. COLLIMATORS Always collimate smaller than the image receptor 57

58. GRIDS  Device used to “clean up” the x-ray image by reducing the amount of scatter radiation reaching the image receptor  Used on larger, thicker parts  Built with parallel lead strips to absorb  the scatter radiation 58

59. GRIDS ??? Primary beam + - Exit Radiation 59

60. GRIDS No gridgrid 60

61. GRIDS 61

62. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT Positioning sponges Tape Lead aprons Lead blockers Markers Sand bags linens 62

63. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT 63

64. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT 64

65. X-RAY TUBE CONTROL PANEL ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT 65

66. THE X-RAY ROOM 66

67. PROCESSING ROOM 67

68. PROCESSING ROOM  Film Screen Image Production  Digital Image Production 68

69. PROCESSING ROOM-IMAGE PRODUCTION ??? Primary beam + - Exit Radiation 69

70. PROCESSING ROOM-IMAGE PRODUCTION RADIOGRAPH- PERMANENT RECORD OF IMAGE, BY FILM OR BY COMPUTER STORAGE 70

71. DARK ROOM 71

72. DARK ROOM 72

73. DARK ROOM  Pass Box  Lockable from inside, contains cassettes  Clean, dry, dustless countertop  Work space be free of clutter  Safe light  15 watt bulb  3 feet from film, countertop  Orange or amber filter/light bulb, depends on film emulsion type  Cassettes, empty and full  Film bin  Must be light tight  Sometimes locks with door  Processor  Needs water supply,  Must be clean  Chemicals  Store safely 73

74. DARK ROOM 74

75. DARK ROOM 75

76. CR READER CR - Computed Radiography Computed Radiography is an indirect type of imaging system. The receptor used within a CR cassette is called a photostimulable imaging plate (PSP) and it absorbs the radiation exiting the patient. The exposed plate is processed in a CR reader, where the absorbed energy is extracted. The information stored in the CR imaging plate must be processed before viewing can occur. The resultant latent image data is converted from an analog to a digital signal and a digital image is created. Computed Radiography x-ray systems predominantly use conventional x- ray tube systems. 76

77. CR READER 77

78. REVIEW 78

79. REVIEW 79

80. REVIEW 80

81. REVIEW A source of electronsA force to move them quickly Something to stop them very suddenly 81

82. THE X-RAY TUBE 82

83. 1 2 33 4 5 6 7. Describe Tube Travel 8. Describe tube travel 9. Describe how the tube would travel in order to direct x- ray output at #1?? 83