1. 5-8

2. Sebaceous Glands ___________ glands
________________________ glands that discharge an oily lipid secretion into hair follicles
Simple branched alveolar glands- communicate with a single follicle and share a duct
Produce large quantities of lipids as they mature
Released through holocrine secretion- rupture of secretory cells

3. Lipids Enter the _________________ of the glands
____________________________ muscles squeeze the sebaceous gland and force the lipids into the hair follicle and surface of skin
_______________- secreted lipid; mix of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins and electrolytes
Inhibits growth of bacteria, lubricates and protects keratin of hair shaft, and conditions surrounding skin

4. Sebaceous Follicles Glands not associated with hair follicles
________________ discharge _______________ directly onto epidermis
Located on face, back, chest, nipples and external genitalia

5. Sweat Glands

6. Apocrine Sweat Glands Armpits, around nipples, and in pubic region
Secrete products into _____________________________
Coiled, tubular
Produce a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion
Rely on _______________________ secretion
Begin secreting at puberty
Sweat produced is a nutrient source for bacteria
Myoepithelial cells surround the secretory cells and contract and squeeze the gland
Controlled by _____________________ system and circulating hormones

7. Merocrine (eccrine) Sweat Glands
Coiled, tubular
Discharge secretions directly onto surface of skin
Adults have 2-5 million – __________________ and ____________ have the most
____________________ perspiration
99% H2O

8. Functions of Merocrine Glands
Cooling surface of skin to reduce body temp- ___________________ perspiration
Excreting water and _________________________
Providing protection from environmental hazards by discouraging MO growth
Flushing them from surface or making difficult for them to adhere
_____________________- peptide with antibiotic properties

9. Other Glands
_______________________- interaction b/t sex hormones and pituitary hormones control secretion
______________________- passageway of external ear
Secretions combine with nearby secretion glands to form cerumen

10. Control of Gland Secretions
ANS controls sebaceous and ____________________ sweat glands
Commands affect all glands of that type
________________________ glands are more precisely controlled

11. 5-9

12. Nails
Protect exposed ________________ surfaces of tips of fingers and toes
Help limit distortion of digits when subjected to mechanical stress

13. Parts of Nails _____________________- visible portion; covers nail bed
Dead, tightly compressed cells packed with keratin
Nail bed- recessed deep to level of surrounding epithelium
Bound on either side by lateral nail grooves and nail folds
_____________________- distal portion that continues past nail bed
_____________________________- area of thickened stratum corneum free edge extends over

14. Parts of Nail Nail root- where nail production occurs
Deepest portion lies close to bone
__________________________- cuticle; portion of stratum corneum of nail root that extends over exposed nail
____________________- pale crescent; caused by vessels being obscured

15. 5-10
Regeneration of Skin

16. Step 1 Damage extends through ________________ and into ______________
Bleeding occurs

17. Step 2 Blood clots or scab forms at surface and restricts entry of MOs
Bulk of clot consists of ________________- protein that forms from blood proteins
Clot’s color reflects presence of trapped ________________
Cells of stratum germinativum undergo rapid divisions and migrate along edges of wound
________________________ remove debris and pathogens

18. Step 3
______________________________-blood clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary network
Over time, deeper portions of clot dissolves
________________________ activity leads to appearance of collagen fibers and ground substance

19. Step 4
__________________ contains abnormally large # of collagen fibers and few blood vessels
Hair follicles, glands, and nerves are replaced by ________________ tissue
Formation of scar tissue completes repair process

20. Keloid
_______________ tissue formation that continues beyond requirements of tissue repair
Thick, raised area of scar tissue
Covered by shiny, smooth epidermal surface
Upper back, _____________________, anterior chest, and earlobes

21. 5-11

22. Aging
______________________ thins; connection b/t epidermis and dermis weakens
# of Langerhans cells decreases- reduces sensitivity of immune system
Vitamin D3 production declines by 75%-reduced calcium and phosphate absorption
_______________________ activity declines

23. Aging cont
_______________________ activity declines- skin dry and scaly
Blood supply to dermis reduced- skin cool
Hair follicles stop functioning or produce thinner, finer hairs
Dermis thins and elastic fiber network decreases in size
Secondary sexual characteristics in hair and body-fat distribution fade
Skin repairs ______________