1. What Are We To Do With All Of This Stuff? Jeff Porter Environmental Engineer Manure Management Team USDA-NRCS

2. What is the problem? Excess Nutrients Too Many Animals Distribution and proper utilization of nutrients!!!

3. How To Decide Landowner Goals and Objectives Regulatory Requirements Operational Size Operation Type Available Application Area Required Application Area Distance From Water Bodies $$

4. Manure Management Options Agronomic Practices –Land Application –Cover Crops –Crop Rotation Biological Chemical Physical Other

5. Land Application Currently only 5% of cropland receives manure application Still very important option Utilize when possible Importance of soil quality, crop requirements and manure tests Using some of the other options might increase land application base

6. Traveling Gun Injection System Solid Manure Spreading

7. Cover Crops Crop Rotations

8. Biological Anaerobic Digestion Aerobic Treatment Anaerobic Treatment Composting

9. Complete Mix Covered Lagoon Plug Flow Engine Boiler

10. Lagoon Dual System

11. Rotary Drum Passive Aeration Windrow Marketable Product

12. Chemical Coagulation/Flocculation Manure Amendments Thermo-chemical

13. Ferric Sulfate Polymer Metal Salt Test Sampling Treated Dairy Manure

14. Manure Amendments

15. Thermo - Chemical Incineration –Fuel + Oxygen  Heat (~3,600 F) Gasification –Fuel + Limited Oxygen  Fuel Gas (syngas) + Heat + Char + Tar (1,100 – 1,800 F) Pyrolysis –Fuel + Heat  Fuel Gas (oil products) + Char + Tar (390 – 1,100 F)

16. 4,500 Tank Trucks of Manure/Year; Reduced to 90 Trailers of Ash Burner and Boiler Electricity generating turbine

17. Gasification Unit in California Gasification Unit in West Virginia Mortality Gasification (North Carolina) Gasification Unit in South Carolina

18. Pyrolysis Unit Bio-oil Syngas Biochar

19. Physical Solid – Liquid Separation Fractionization Pelletizing

20. Non-Enhanced Separation Inclined Screen Screw Press Gravity Settling Basin

21. Enhanced Separation Bio-bag Settling Basins Belt Press Rotary Press

22. Separate litter into course and fine fractions. Fine fraction: mostly manure, high nutrient, 1/3 volume Course fraction: mostly shavings/feathers, low nutrient, 2/3 volume

23. Pellet Mill Swine Pellets Poultry Pellets Organic Fertilizer

24. Other Options Feed Management Early Slaughter Manure Transfer Animal Transfer Other products

25. Other Products Fiber board Manure Dried Solids Glue Plastic Paint Etc.

26. Traditional Manure Treatment Innovative Treatment Technologies Super Soil Clinton, NC Traditional Verses Innovational Technologies

27. Conclusions There are several options for addressing manure distribution and application management issues There is no silver bullet to address manure issues Option selections are dependent on a number of factors such as: objectives, land availability, nutrient loads, available markets Several alternatives may need to be combined to meet the desired outcome Water and air quality concerns also need to be addressed when dealing with manure management issues Most options require significant financial investment