1. Constitutional Convention Philadelphia May 25 th, 1787

2. Purpose Stated purpose was to revise or fix the Article of Confederation Real purpose was to create a new strong central government

3. The Framers 55 Delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies attended Rhode Island refused to send delegates There were no women, Indians, blacks or poor people Edmund Randolph: Virginia –Madison played on his ego to get his support for his plan –Didn’t want a strong single executive (president) Governor Morris: Penn –Anti-slavery –wanted president to be elected by people, not legislature Roger Sherman: N.E. –believe the people could not be trusted to make decisions, used Shays’ Rebellion as evidence –Also didn’t want the Bill of Rights James Madison: Virginia –did lots of research on governments and came with Virginia Plan Benjamin Franklin: Penn –One of the most respected men in America George Washington refused at first then agreed to attend –was most respected and popular man in America

4. The Questions Restate the question in your answer! 1. What state did not send any deligates? 2. Who did not want a Bill of Rights? 3. Who came to the Convention best prepared?

5. The Great Compromise Roger Sherman of Connecticut proposed it Bicameral legislature Upper House gives equal representation to each state. The Lower House has representation based on population Senate House of Representatives

6. 3/5ths Compromise Slaves would be counted as 3/5ths of a person for the purpose of representation and of taxation It also states that all laws be passed by a simple majority vote not the 2/3rds required under the Articles of Confederation

7. Commerce Compromise Congress was given the right to regulate interstate (between states) and foreign commerce (trade) Congress was also given the power to levy tariffs on imports. (Goods coming into U.S.) Congress could not levy exports taxes Congress couldn’t restrict slave trade until 1808. Runaway slaves would be sent back to their owners

8. Checks and Balances Legislature Writes laws & Declares Wars Executive Enforces laws, vetoes bills and carries out wars Judiciary Interprets laws, punishes and settles disputes between everyone else States Controls local government, Schools, civil and criminal law

9. The Questions 4. What are the three major compromises of the Constitution? 5. What portion of Congress had to agree to create a new law? 6. Power is balances between what four parts of our government?

10. The Debate Discussions were kept in secret to avoid coercion 1787 the Constitution was sent to the states for approval They needed 9 out of 13 states to approve it Many newspapers published it. Anti-federalist included small farmers and heroes like Patrick Henry and Sam Adams Federalist wrote the Federalist Papers to support their position. They included Alexander Hamilton and James Madison

11. Rebels or Patriots Discussions were kept in secret to avoid coercion Articles of Confederation clearly states all 13 states must agree to make any changes to the government The goal was misstated All viewpoints were represented A new government was essential to America’s survival. The new government bound the states together as one nation.

12. The Questions 7. Do you think it was the Framers of the Constitution are rebels or Patriots? Explain.