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Marc Ross Nick Walker Akira Yamamoto 1 st PAC Meeting 19 th October, 2008 Machine Design & Cost Reduction Activities 1
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Content Brief (and superficial) introduction to RDR baseline. The RDR cost estimate Technical Design Phase cost-reduction strategy – the Minimum Machine 2
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ILC Requirements E cm adjustable from 200 – 500 GeV Luminosity: ∫Ldt = 500 fb -1 in 4 years –Peak at max. energy of 2×10 34 cm -2 s -1 –Assume 1/ L scaling for <500 GeV Energy stability and precision below 0.1% Electron polarization of at least 80% The machine must be upgradeable to 1 TeV Two detectors –Single IR in push-pull configuration –Detector change-over in not more than 1 week ILCSC Parameters group 3
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The ILC Reference Design 200-500 GeV centre-of-mass Luminosity: 2×10 34 cm -2 s -1 Based on accelerating gradient of 31.5 MV/m (1.3GHz SCRF) ~31 km 4
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ILC Reference Design 5 High-gradient R&D Industrialisation Mass-production
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ILC Reference Design Positron production 150 GeV primary e- beam used to generate gammas via a helical undulator. Thin-target conversion into e+e- pairs 1.2 km insert into main SCRF linac Additional “keep- alive” independent thick-target source (10% nominal) 6
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ILC Reference Design 6.4 km Damping Rings –e+ / e- Located centrally –around Interaction Region (IR) –10 m above IR plane Both rings housed in same tunnel (stacked) Cockcroft institute, UK 7
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ILC Reference Design Beam Delivery System –Diagnostics –Beam halo collimation –Demagnification of the beam at the Interaction Point Geometry laid out for Ecm ~ 1 TeV –Not all magnets installed for 1 TeV ±2.2 km Single interaction region –Push/pull detector concept assumed SLAC 8
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Cost (VALUE) Estimate Estimated cost (2007) ~6.7 Billion ILCU* –4.87 BILCU shared –1.78 BILCU site-specific 10,000 person-years “implicit” labour 9
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Cost (VALUE) Estimate 10 CFS identified as a major cost driver with high-potential for cost- saving CFS requirements driven by machine design & layout
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Cost (VALUE) Estimate 11 Reduction of underground volume (tunnels, shafts, vaults) a primary target 75%
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Stated TD Phase Goals (1/2) Definition of the basic parameters and layout of a “minimum machine configuration”, as a basis for understand cost- increments and cost-performance trade-offs (beginning 2009) Cost-reduction and performance studies (parametric studies) of the minimum machine, leading to possible options for the re- baseline. Evaluation of estimated cost and performance risk impact (end 2009). As part of the above, studies of a cost-optimised “shallow site” with a view to defining an optimum ‘reference site’ for further design studies (end 2009). From the R&D Plan rel 2 (chapter 4) 12
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Stated TD Phase Goals (2/2) Evaluation of cost-reduction studies and status of critical R&D, leading to an agreed re-baseline of the reference machine (end of TD Phase 1, 2010) –Needs well-defined process; international community buy-off etc. Produce technical component specifications for technical systems; technical design of systems leading to cost estimates; value-engineering iteration (TD Phase 2) Generation and publication of TDR with updated technical design and VALUE estimate (end of TD Phase 2, 2012) From the R&D Plan rel 2 (chapter 4) 13
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“Minimum Machine” Philosophy Direct performance –considered a physics ‘figure of merit’ centre-of-mass energy or peak luminosity. –Understanding the derivatives of the direct cost of these physics performance parameters Indirect performance –into which we place margin, redundancy, etc. –tend to impact operational aspects or –performance risk potentially affecting integrated luminosity within a given time frame Concentrate on Indirect –Do not change basic physics parameters 14
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Published Top-Level Schedule today 15
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Published Top-Level Schedule today Minimum machine studies Re-baseline in 2010 (publish in interim report) Minimum machine studies Re-baseline in 2010 (publish in interim report) 16
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Minimum Machine: Current Definition “Minimum Machine” now refers to a set of identified options (elements) which may prove cost-effective Not a minimum in a definable sense –But a potential reduced-cost solutions… –with a potentially less margin (performance) An alternative design for study purposes –Comparison with RDR baseline –Cost (not performance) driven –options which were not studied during RDR phase Important to restrict options to manageable levels –available resources 17
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Identified Minimum Machine Elements 18
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Minimum Machine Elements 1.Single-tunnel solution(s) 2.Klystron Cluster concept 3.Central region integration 4.Low beam power option 5.Single-stage compressor 6.Quantify cost of TeV upgrade support 7.“Value engineering” 19
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Minimum Machine Elements 1.Single-tunnel solution(s) 2.Klystron Cluster concept 3.Central region integration 4.Low beam power option 5.Single-stage compressor 6.Quantify cost of TeV upgrade support 7.“Value engineering” 20
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Main Linac Specific Removal of support tunnel (single tunnel) –klystron cluster –XFEL-like –shallow site (JINR/Dubna) Klystron Cluster (HLRF) –30 klystrons located in localised surface buildings –~300 MW RF power distributed in beam tunnel via over- moded waveguide –effectively ~1km RF unit Marx modulator –ongoing SLAC prototype Reduced cost solution for process-water cooling –Higher T specification (e.g. klystron cooling) alternative options 21
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Main Linac Support Tunnel RDR (two-tunnel) –Access to equipment during ops Reliability/availability Shallow sites –Cut and cover like solutions –“service tunnel” on the surface Single tunnel –European XFEL-like solution availability / reliability 22
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Minimum Machine Elements 1.Single-tunnel solution(s) 2.Klystron Cluster concept 3.Central region integration 4.Low beam power option 5.Single-stage compressor 6.Quantify cost of TeV upgrade support 7.“Value engineering” 23
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Klystron Cluster Concept RF power “piped” into accelerator tunnel Removal of service tunnel Access to klystrons maintained R&D needed to show power handling –Planned (SLAC, KEK) 24 SLAC
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Minimum Machine Elements 1.Single-tunnel solution(s) 2.Klystron Cluster concept 3.Central region integration 4.Low beam power option 5.Single-stage compressor 6.Quantify cost of TeV upgrade support 7.“Value engineering” 25
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Central Region Integration Undulator-based positron source moved to end of linac (250 GeV point) e+ and e- sources share same tunnel as BDS –upstream BDS (optimised integration) –Including 5GeV injector linacs Removal of RDR “Keep Alive Source” –replace by few % ‘auxiliary’ source using main (photon) target –500 MV warm linac, also in same tunnel Damping Rings –in BDS plane but horizontally displaced to avoid IR Hall –Injection/Ejection in same straight section –Circumference 6.4 km (current RDR baseline) 3.2 km (possible low-P option) alternative options Initial “integration” studies show conceptually possible (See draft document on PAC agenda web-site for details) Initial “integration” studies show conceptually possible (See draft document on PAC agenda web-site for details) 26
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Minimum Machine Elements 1.Single-tunnel solution(s) 2.Klystron Cluster concept 3.Central region integration 4.Low beam power option 5.Single-stage compressor 6.Quantify cost of TeV upgrade support 7.“Value engineering” 27
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RDR Parameter Plane Revisited RDR machine design around so- called “Parameter Plane” 1 nominal + 3 ‘scaled’ parameter sets representing various possible ‘performance issues’ Low charge – failure to make single bunch charge Low power – failure to make number of bunches Large y – failure to make emittance / vertical IP beam size As part of MM studies, review ‘parameter plane’ from a cost/performance issue Main Linac $$$$ 28
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Reduced Beam Power Option Reduce n b by factor of 2 (study scenario) –Maintain luminosity by pushing on beam-beam Similar to RDR Low-P parameter set, but possible use of “travelling focus” concept “Minimum Cost” point of RDR parameter plane –Largest cost leverage of all sets in the table Spectrum of possible savings –½ number of klystrons and modulators –reduced circumference damping ring (6.4 3.2km) –reduced associated CFS 29
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RDR Parameters Reviewed Nom. RDRLow P RDRnew Low P E CM (GeV)500 Particles per bunch, N (×10 10 )2.0 Bunches per pulse, n b 26251320 Pulse repetition rate (Hz)555 Peak beam power, P b (MW)10.55.3 x ( m) 10 y (nm) 4036 x (cm) 2.01.1 y (mm) 0.40.2 Traveling focusNo Yes x (nm) 640474 y (nm) 5.73.8 z ( m) 300200300 Beamstrahlung* E/E 0.0230.0450.036 Luminosity* (×10 34 cm -2 s -1 )2.01.71.9 30 SLAC
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Minimum Machine Elements 1.Single-tunnel solution(s) 2.Klystron Cluster concept 3.Central region integration 4.Low beam power option 5.Single-stage compressor 6.Quantify cost of TeV upgrade support 7.“Value engineering” 31
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Remaining MM Study Elements Single-stage compressor –Factor 20 bunch compression ( z 300 m @IP) –(RDR two-stage compressor with factor 45) Quantify cost of TeV upgrade support in RDR –Minimum length 500 GeV E cm BDS –(High-power dumps?) Other “VALUE Engineering” –Water cooling –Vacuum solutions –Magnets & Power supplies –… Encouraged activities Considered parallel (on- going) to main ‘layout’ discussions (not primary cost drivers) 32
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VERY PRELIMINARY! to be confirmed Main Linac (total) ~ 300 MILCU Low-Power option ~ 400 MILCU Central injector Integration ~ 100 MILCU Single-stage compressor ~ 100 MILCU Min. 500GeV BDS ~ 100 MILCU –VERY preliminary: better estimates must be made But still based/scaled from RDR value estimate –Forms part of the justification for minimum machine studies –Elements not independent! Careful of potential double counting! –Cost vs Performance vs Risk: important data for making informed decisions in 2010 33 Ball-Park Cost Increments
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Types of Studies (2009) Interference / Integration –Lattice layouts –Tunnel cross-section models (CAD) –(Installation related) –Component placement etc Operations, Commissioning, Availability –Less independent machine operation –Reliability issues (accessibility) –Commissioning strategies etc. Hardware development, R&D –High-power RF distribution concept –Marx modulator (on-going) –Increased RF pulse length (low-P) Beam Dynamics –Emittance preservation –BDS tuning –Travelling focus ‘stability’ –… 34
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Types of Studies (2009) Interference / Integration –Lattice layouts –Tunnel cross-section models (CAD) –(Installation related) –Component placement etc Operations, Commissioning, Availability –Less independent machine operation –Reliability issues (accessibility) –Commissioning strategies etc. Hardware development, R&D –High-power RF distribution concept –Marx modulator (on-going) –Increased RF pulse length (low-P) Beam Dynamics –Emittance preservation –BDS tuning –Travelling focus ‘stability’ –… Requires CAD (CFS) engineer(s), optics (accelerator physics) expert(s). Look for a (conceptual) engineering solution. 35
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Types of Studies (2009) Interference / Integration –Lattice layouts –Tunnel cross-section models (CAD) –(Installation related) –Component placement etc Operations, Commissioning, Availability –Less independent machine operation –Reliability issues (accessibility) –Commissioning strategies etc. Hardware development, R&D –High-power RF distribution concept –Marx modulator (on-going) –Increased RF pulse length (low-P) Beam Dynamics –Emittance preservation –BDS tuning –Travelling focus ‘stability’ –… Much more difficult to quantify. Looks for experienced experts Brainstorm qualitative concepts (solutions) 36
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Types of Studies (2009) Interference / Integration –Lattice layouts –Tunnel cross-section models (CAD) –(Installation related) –Component placement etc Operations, Commissioning, Availability –Less independent machine operation –Reliability issues (accessibility) –Commissioning strategies etc. Hardware development, R&D –High-power RF distribution concept –Marx modulator (on-going) –Increased RF pulse length (low-P) Beam Dynamics –Emittance preservation –BDS tuning –Travelling focus ‘stability’ –… FTE and MS required. Well defined goals for R&D programme. Acceptance criteria of proposed solution. 37
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Types of Studies (2009) Interference / Integration –Lattice layouts –Tunnel cross-section models (CAD) –(Installation related) –Component placement etc Operations, Commissioning, Availability –Less independent machine operation –Reliability issues (accessibility) –Commissioning strategies etc. Hardware development, R&D –High-power RF distribution concept –Marx modulator (on-going) –Increased RF pulse length (low-P) Beam Dynamics –Emittance preservation –BDS tuning –Travelling focus ‘stability’ –… Beam dynamics and simulation specialists (lc experts). (good coordination, well defined questions) 38
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(RDR ACD concepts and R&D) Towards a Re-Baselining in 2010 Process –RDR baseline & VALUE element are maintained Formal baseline –MM elements needs to be studies/reviewed international Regional balance in the AP&D groups involved Regular meetings and discussions (but top-down control from PM) –Formal review and re-baseline process beginning of 2010 Exact process needs definition (a PM action item for 2009) Community sign-off mandatory MM def MM studies 2009 2010 Re-Baseline New baseline engineering studies 2012 Rejected elements RDR Baseline (VALUE est.) (RDR ACD concepts and R&D) 39
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Minimum Machine Document in Preparation Draft document is preparation (draft available on PAC website) (One) Focus of ILC08 workshop –Study planning –Resources Final publication end of year 40
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MM Resources for 2009 Need to make estimates of resource (and skill-set) requirements for the proposed studies –Proposed program will be part of MM 08 report –One of the goals for ILC08 Must be aware of regional involvement –Not necessarily a strict balance but –Work should be shared across regions where possible Do not see this as a resource intensive program –But we must be in a good position for the proposed re-baseline in 2010 Regional Accelerator Physics & Design “centres” –Cockcroft Institute (UK) –FNAL –KEK –SLAC –… CFS resources an issue –3D-CAD layout etc. Needs Attention! 41
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Summary RDR design represents a solid and relative detailed baseline on which our current cost estimate is based Assumption that design is ‘conservative –potential opportunities for significant cost reduction –Primary target for machine designers: reduction of underground volume! Minimum machine accelerator physics/design activities for 2009 –Formal re-baseline in early 2010 for TD Phase 2 activities –Guesstimate ball-park savings ~1 BILCU –(In parallel with critical risk-mitigating R&D) MM document defining scope and detailed 2009 study plans to be published after ILC08 2009 resources are an issue and need close scrutiny 42
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