1. Category 4 Test

2. 1A woman running in a marathon requires a constant supply of oxygen to her muscles. Which cells carry oxygen to muscle tissue? F Artery cells G Red blood cells H Nerve cells J Lung cells

3. 2Which of the following diagrams best shows the relationships between the number of cells, tissues, and organs? A C BD

4. 3The single-celled organisms shown above live in water. What is the main function of the structures identified by the arrows? A Absorbing water B Removing wastes C Helping with motion D Getting food

5. 4Which diagram best shows the energy transformation from sunlight to chemical energy in an organism? AC BD

6. 5Which molecule in the equation represents food energy made by plants? A Carbon dioxide B Water C Glucose D Oxygen

7. Javelina Facts 6From information in the table, javelinas are best described as — A decomposers B producers C omnivores D carnivores Height50–60 cm Length87–102 cm Mass14–30 kg Top speed40–55 km/h Fur colorsDark brown to black Tusk length3–3.5 cm Average lifespan10 years HabitatsDesert, grassland, forest FoodCacti, roots, leaves, insect larvae, worms, lizards, eggs Main predatorsMountain lions, coyotes, bobcats, humans, jaguars

8. 7A grassland community is pictured above. Grasses are considered— A secondary consumers B primary consumers C decomposers D producers

9. 8Based on the information from the table, which of the four plants grows under the greatest range of ideal temperature, rainfall, and pH conditions? A Peanut B Macadamia nut C Cashew D Pistachio PeanutMacadamia NutCashewPistachio Place of OriginBrazil, PeruAustralia South American Rain Forest Middle East Time and Location First Grown in U.S. Early 1800s Southeastern U.S. Early 1880s Hawaii Imported only Mid-1800s Southern California Type of Soil Needed to Grow Silt, sand, clay Open sand, lava rock, heavy clay SandySandy loam Ideal Soil pH 6.0 – 6.5 (slightly acidic) 5.5 – 6.5 (slightly acidic) 5.5 – 7.0 (acidic to neutral) 7.1 – 7.8 (slightly basic) Ideal Temperature Range (°C) 13 – 307 - 2610 – 40+5 – 28 Ideal Amount of Water Needed (cm/yr) 30 – 4515 – 3150 – 10030 – 45 Number of Calories (28g serving) 160203160157

10. 9For rabbits, having long hair is an advantage over having short hair in environments with — F high levels of rain G a large number of competitors H low temperatures J few predators

11. 10During primary ecological succession, the initial formation of soil helps establish — F grasses G mushrooms H shrubs J trees

12. 11While Mrs. Ludlum is driving on a wet road, her car begins to skid. She regains control of the car and pulls off the road. She feels light-headed, and her feet and hands feel cold. These sensations are the body’s reaction to a — A rise in humidity B stressful situation C centrifugal force D decrease in motion

13. 12In order to survive in the Arctic tundra, a mammal must have the ability to — F reduce heat loss G digest lichens H travel across snow J obtain water from ice

14. 13Which of the following processes helps the body maintain chemical balance? F Tears washing away dust from the eyes G Rib bones protecting internal organs H Hair growing faster in winter months J Cells using sugar in the blood

15. 14Which of the following shows how the plant above would grow if the pot were knocked on its side and left for several weeks? AC BD

16. 15According to this food web, which insect group is most beneficial to the Chinese banyan tree? A Parasitic wasps B Mealybugs C Tussock moths D Leaf miners

17. 16In the food web above, which of the following organisms feeds on the largest variety of different producers? ABCD

18. 17An increase in which of the following factors will most likely result in an increase in the size of a population? A Food B Predators C Competitors D Temperature

19. 18The picture above shows four varieties of the same species of grass that grow in a prairie ecosystem. Which variety has the best chance of surviving a long period of dry weather? A Variety 1 B Variety 2 C Variety 3 D Variety 4

20. 19Acquired behavior is learned rather than inherited. Which of these is an acquired behavior? A A bird flying south in the fall B A kitten drinking milk C A baby duck swimming on a pond D A dog leading a blind person

21. 20Which of the following is least affected by seasonal environmental conditions? F The pattern in a tiger’s fur G The dropping of tree leaves H The sprouting of acorns JThe migration of gray whales

22. 21This Punnett square shows the results of a cross between a tall (Tt) corn plant and a short (tt) corn plant. According to this information, what percent of the offspring were tall? F 0% G 25% H 50% J 75%

23. Red-eyed--Rr Brown-eyed—rr 22In Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies), red eye color (R) is dominant over brown eye color (r). If the flies in the picture were crossed, what percent of their offspring would be expected to have brown eyes? Record and bubble in your answer on the answer document.

24. 23Glossy leaves are smooth and shiny. What percent of offspring from the cross shown above will have glossy leaves? A 0% B 25% C 50% D 100%