1. COMMUNICATION
By: Mrs. Belen Apostol

2. What is communication?
as the exchange of ideas, messages, or information by speech, signals, or writing.
Communication is central to the entire management process for four primary reasons:
Communication is a linking process of management
Communication is the primary means by which people obtain and exchange information

3. What is communication?
3. The most time-consuming activity a manager engages in is communication. 4. Information and communication represent power in organizations.

4. Functions of communication
Information function - – Information provided through communication may be used in decision- making at various work levels in the organization.
Motivating function - communication is also used as a means to motivate employees to commit themselves to the organization’s objectives.

5. Functions of communication
Control function - reports, policies and plans define roles, clarify duties, authorities and responsibilities.
Emotive function - Whatever type of emotions is involved, whether satisfaction, dissatisfaction, happiness, or bitterness, communication provides a means to decrease the internal pressure affecting the individual.

6. The Communication Process

7. The Communication Process
The key parts of the communication process are as follows:
The Sender – initiates message
Encoding – translating thought to message
The Message – what is communicated
The Channel – the medium the message travels through
Decoding – the receiver’s action in making sense of the message
The Receiver – person who gets the message
Noise – things that interfere with the message
Feedback – a return message regarding the initial communication

8. Forms of communication
Communication consists of two major forms:
Verbal communication
Non-verbal Communication

9. Verbal Communication are those transmitted through hearing or sight.
These modes of transmission categorizes verbal communication into tow classes: oral and written
1.a. Oral communication – involves hearing the words of the sender.
1.b. Written communication – the sender seeks to communicate through the written word.

10. Non-verbal Communication
– the means of conveying message through body language, as well as the use of time, space, touch, clothing, appearance and aesthetic elements. Body language consists of gestures, bodily movement, posture, facial expression, and mannerism of all kinds.

11. Commonly Accepted Interpretations of Various Forms of Body Language
Facial Expression
Frown
Smile
Raised eyebrows
Narrowed eyes, pursed lips
Displeasure, unhappiness
Friendliness, happiness
Disbelief, amazement
Anger
Eye contact
Glancing
Steady
Interest
Active listening, interest, seduction
Gestures
Pointing finger
Folded Arms
Arms at side
Hands uplifted outward
Authority, displeasure, lecturing
Not open to change, preparing to speak
Open to suggestions, relaxed
Disbelief, puzzlement, uncertainty
Body Postures
Fidgeting, doodling
Hands on hips
Shrugging shoulders
Squared stance of shoulders
Boredom
Anger, defensiveness
Indifference
Problem solving, concerned, listening
Fidgeting, biting lip, shifting, jingling money
Nervousness

12. Barriers to communication
Personal barriers
Physical barriers; and
Semantic barriers

13. Barriers to communication
1. Personal barriers – hindrances arising from the communicator’s characteristics as a person, including emotions, values, poor listening habits, gender, age race, socio-economic status, religion, education, and others. 2. Physical barriers – interference to effective communication occurring in the environment where the communication is undertaken. It includes distances between people, walls, a noisy sound system near a telephone, and the like.

14. Barriers to communication
3. Semantic barriers – interference with the reception of a message that occurs when the message is misunderstood even though it is received exactly as transmitted. Words, pictures or actions are symbols that suggest certain meanings.

15. Barriers to communication
When communication barriers threaten effective performance, certain measures must be instituted to eliminate them. The following are recommended:
se feedback to facilitate understanding and increase the potential for appropriate action.
Repeat messages in order to provide assurance that they are properly received.
Use multiple channels so that accuracy of information may be enhanced.
Use simplified language that is easily understandable and which eliminates the possibility of people getting mixed-up meanings.

16. Techniques for communicating in organizations
Communication may be classified as to the flow of the message which are as follows:
Downward communication
Upward communication
Horizontal communication

17. Techniques for communicating in organizations

18. Techniques for communicating in organizations
Downward communication – the message flow from the higher levels of authority to lower levels. The purposes of downward communication are:
To give instructions
To provide information about policies and procedures
To give feedback about performance; and to indoctrinate or motivate

19. Techniques for communicating in organizations
Upward communication – refers to message flowing from the persons in the lower-level positions to persons in higher lever positions. The messages usually sent provide information on work progress, problems encountered, suggestions for improving output, and personal feelings about work and non- work activities.

20. Techniques for communicating in organizations
Horizontal Communication – refers to messages sent to individuals or groups from another of the same organizational level or position.
The purposes of horizontal communication are:
To coordinate activities between departments;
To persuade others at the same level of organization;
To pass on information about activities or feelings.

21. Management Information System
planned system of the collection, processing, storage and dissemination of data in the form of information needed to carry out the management functions. In a way, it is a documented report of the activities that were planned and execute.

22. Management Information System
The purposes of MIS are as follows:
To provide a basis for the analysis of early warning signals that can originate both externally and internally.
To automate routine clerical operations like payroll and inventory reports;
To assist managers in making routine decisions like scheduling orders, assigning orders to machines, and recording supplies; and
To provide the information necessary for management to make strategic or non-programmed decisions.

23. Management Information System
Manufacturing
Marketing
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
SYSTEM
Personnel
Finance
Research and Development
Engineering