1. Sons of Charles Martel: With Chrotrud: Carloman (MD 741-47) and Pippin III the Short (MD 741-51, r. 751-68) With Swanahild: Grifo

2. Sons of Charles Martel - Inheritance: Carloman: Austrasia, Alemannia, Thuringia Pippin III the Short: Burgundy, Neustria Provence Grifo: ???

3. 741 Death of Charles Martel 741-53 Periodic rebellions by Grifo 747 Abdication of Carloman 753 Anointing of Pippin as king by Pope Stephen II (p. 752-57); death of Grifo; Carloman’s sons sent to monastery

4. Challenges: Relationship with popes Internal control Expansion and foreign relations

5. 721-37 Reign of Theuderic IV 743-51 Reign of Childeric III 750 Pippin writes to Pope Zacharias (p. 741-52) Map Link: Italy c. 751: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ c/ce/Aistulf%27s_Italy-en.pngc/ce/Aistulf%27s_Italy-en.png>

6. 751 Pippin deposes Childeric III and is elected, anointed and raised king at Soissons 753 Pippin, wife (Bertrada) and sons (Charles, Carloman) anointed by Pope Stephen II (p. 752-57)

7. 755-56 Pippin fights two campaigns against Lombards Donation of Pippin: giving pope territories taken by Lombards, incl. formerly Byzantine lands Donation of Constantine

8. Means of internal control: Superiority over family members Becoming king Co-opting church: Church councils Restructuring

9. Power of bishops - stripped of land Bishops also controlling monasteries -monasteries made independent Powerful families -support of lay followers and grateful abbots

10. 742, 745, 759-68 Campaigns vs. Aquitaine 742, 744, 746 Conquest of much of Alemannia 743 Attack on Bavaria 744, 753, 758 Campaigns vs. Saxons

11. 756/57 or 763-66 Pippin exchanges embassies with Constantine V (r. 741-75) Map Link: Growth of Frankish Power: <http://www.shadowedrealm.com/lib/images/medieval/http://www.shadowedrealm.com/lib/images/medieval/ maps/map067.jpgmaps/map067.jpg>

12. 750 ‘Abbasid revolution 754-75 Reign of ‘Abbasid caliph al-Mansur 756 Umayyad ‘Abd al-Rahman (r. 756-88) sets up emirate at Cordoba btw. 763 and 768 Pippin and al-Mansur exchange embassies

13. Donation of Constantine Exposed as forgery in 1439 Purportedly btw. Constantine (r. 306-37) and Pope Sylvester I (p. 314-35) Actual date: before 754? c. 756? early 800s?