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1 Trends in California Water Management CALAFCO Conference Monterey, CA September 9, 2005 Robert Shibatani & Mark Horne EIP Associates
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Water Trends A.Supply Overview B.Water Trends C.LAFCo Implications
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Water Supply Overview
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California’s Water Supply About 190 million acre-feet of rain and snow/ year About 75% falls north of Sacramento About 75% of demand is south of Sacramento About 75% falls between November and March About 75% of demand is between April and October Depend on “Cold Storage” in the form of snow pack About 60% soaks into ground, evaporates, or is used by native vegetation Of remaining 40% 36% flows to ocean 28% committed to environment 28% used by agriculture 7% used by cities and industry
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California’s Water System
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Hydrology Overview: Watering “Entering” the State Source 1998 (Wet) 2000 (Ave.) 2001 (Dry) Precipitation329.6187.7139.2 Inflow from Oregon/Mexico 2.21.71.2 Inflow from Colorado River 5.05.35.1 Total (Million AF)336.8194.7145.5
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Use/Location 1998 (Wet) 2000 (Ave.) 2001 (Dry) Consumptive Use (Ag., M&I, Wetlands) 19.724.925.2 Outflow (Ore./Nev./Mex.)1.50.90.7 Outflow to Salt Sink41.556.631.3 Evaporation, Evapo- transpiration, Groundwater Recharge, Runoff, & Other Outflows 208.5118.1102.7 Total (Million AFY)331.4200.5159.9 Hydrology Overview: Watering “Leaving” the State
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Location 1998 (Wet) 2000 (Ave.) 2001 (Dry) Lakes & Reservoirs+7.1-1.4-4.6 Groundwater Basins-1.7-4.4-9.8 Total (Million AFY)+5.4-5.8-14.4 Hydrology Overview: Storage Changes
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Storage/Allocation Problem Cannot capture/retain Annual Inflows Excess Unimpaired Inflow Undersized Reservoirs Flood Control Mandate of CVP/SWP New On-Stream Reservoirs - Difficult Cannot deliver to use areas Distant source reservoirs Undersized/non-existent Conveyance
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What are the Short-Term Supply Solutions? Transfers Assignments Intra- and Inter-Regional Groundwater Banking/Conjunctive Use Demand Reduction Water Conservation - Offset Recycled Water - Offset
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What are the Delivery Constraints? Infrastructure Limitations Aged/Inefficient Facilities Cost to Build New Facilities Time to Build/Approve New Facilities Regulatory Controls Delta Water Quality – X2 ESA Biological Opinions – Minimum Flows CVP Dedicated Yield
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Water Trends Traditional Water Planning Water Supply Storage and Delivery Groundwater Water Quality Documentation “New” Water Planning
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Traditional Water Planning Single Agency Single (or Few) Sources Safe Drinking Water Act Water Quality Analysis 12 parameters
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Recent Trends: Supply Multiple Sources Local Supplies Surface & Groundwater Imported Water Water Transfers
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Recent Trends: Supply Non-Traditional Sources Recycled Water Storm Water Conservation Colored Water Desalination
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Recent Trends: Storage & Delivery Limited Surface Storage Options Increase in Conjunctive Use Aging Infrastructure
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Recent Trends: Storage & Delivery Variations in Supply Climate Variability Interruptible Water SWP Reliability Report Environmental Concerns
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Recent Trends: Groundwater Basins in “Overdraft” Conjunctive Use Expansion of Artificial Recharge Aquifer Storage & Recovery (ASR)
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Recent Trends: Groundwater Quality Concerns Contaminants from Prior Land Uses Disinfection By-Products (THMs)
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Recent Trends: Water Quality Drinking Water Regulation Tanner Bill, Prop. 65, CA Toxics Rule, etc. MCLs, DLRs, UCRMs, etc.
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Recent Trends: Water Quality Surface Water Regulation NPDES Point & Non-Point Sources TMDLs Watershed-based Implementation Strategies
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Recent Trends: Water Quality
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Emerging Contaminants Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care Products Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds
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Recent Trends: Documentation Source Water Assessment Wellhead Protection Program
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Recent Trends: Documentation Source Water Assessment Wellhead Protection Program Groundwater Management Plan (AB 3030) Urban/Agricultural Water Management Plans
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Recent Trends: Documentation Source Water Assessment Wellhead Protection Program Groundwater Management Plan (AB 3030) Urban/Agricultural Water Management Plans Information Exchange for General Plans Water Supply Assessment (SB 610) Water Supply Verification (SB 221)
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SB 610: Water Supply Assessment 500 Residential Dwelling Units 500 Hotel/Motel Rooms 500,000 sq. ft. Retail (or 1,000 employees) 250,000 sq. ft. Commercial (or 1,000 employees) 650,000 sq. ft. Industrial (or 40 acres or 1,000 employees)
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SB 221: Water Supply Verification Subdivision for 500 units
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Average Water Year Single Dry Water Year Multiple Dry Water Years SB 610 & 221: Is the Supply Adequate?
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Local Water Agencies Urban Water Management Plans Water Agencies with 3,000 connections What to do in Developing Areas? SB 610 & 221: Information Sources?
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Water Trends: Other Issues Habitat, Species & Open Space Protection Land Conservation
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Water Trends: Other Issues Local Watershed Plans
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Water Trends: Other Issues General Plans Optional Water Element Another Link Between Land Use & Water?
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Water Trends: Other Issues Optional Water Element Water Supply Water Quality Wastewater Treatment Storm Water Management Flood Management
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Storm Water Liability? Paterno v. State of California Water Trends: Other Issues
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Integrated Regional Water Management (Proposition 50, Chapter 8) Water Trends: The “New” Water Planning
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“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Water Supply Reliability, Water Conservation, & Water Use Efficiency
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“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Water Supply Reliability, Water Conservation, & Water Use Efficiency Groundwater Recharge & Management Projects
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“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Water Supply Reliability, Water Conservation, & Water Use Efficiency Groundwater Recharge & Management Projects Demonstration Projects for Drinking Water Treatment & Distribution Methods
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“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Water Supply Reliability, Water Conservation, & Water Use Efficiency Groundwater Recharge & Management Projects Demonstration Projects for Drinking Water Treatment & Distribution Methods Water Banking, Water Exchange, Water Reclamation, & Improvement of Water Quality
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“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Storm Water Capture, Storage, Treatment, & Management Planning & Implementation of Multi-Purpose Flood Control Programs
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“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: NPS Pollution Reduction, Management & Monitoring Contaminant & Salt Removal
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“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Removal of Invasive Non-Native Plants Creation and Enhancement of Wetlands Acquisition, Protection, & Restoration of Open Space & Watershed Lands Watershed Management Planning & Implementation
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“New” Water Planning IRWM Plan Contents Regional Agency or Group Water Management Strategies How Integration Improves Reliability Regional Priorities Implementation Strategies Relation to Local Planning
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“New” Water Planning IRWM Issues Short Timeline to Prepare a Draft Self-Defined Region (Overlap & Gaps) Is There Life After Prop. 50?
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Infrastructure Deficiencies Growth & Population Projections Financing Constraints & Opportunities Cost Avoidance Rate Restructuring Shared Facilities Government Structure Management Efficiencies Local Accountability & Governance LAFCO Mandates Government Code 56430
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Contemporary Examples from Water Agency Perspective Water Supply & Infrastructure A – B – C – D “Daisy Chain Model” Firm Yield – Multiple Dry Years? Groundwater Banking - Accounting Folsom Re-Operation – Growth Moratorium Sacramento Water Forum Engineering/Hydraulics
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Keys to Integrated Regional Water Management Planning “LAFCO Considerations” Recognize Water Management Trends Recognize Spatiality – 3 Dimensions Recognize Potential of MSRs – Key Tool Questions? What is an Appropriate “Region”? Who should assume the Lead Role? Can Regional Plans provide “Local” Info?
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51 Questions?Questions?
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52 Trends in California Water Management Robert Shibatani rshibatani@eipassociates.com 916-325-4800 Mark Horne mhorne@eipassociates.com 310-268-8132
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