2. * Motivation * The direction and intensity of effort * Direction of effort * Refers to whether an individual seeks out, approaches, or is attracted to certain situations * Intensity of effort * How much energy a person puts forth in a particular situation

3. * Trait-Centered * Participant centered * Behavior is primarily a function of individual’s charactersitcs/personality * Situation centered * Motivation levels are determined by the situation

4. * 1-Both situations and traits motivate people * 2-People have multiple motives for involvement * Understand why they participate * Understand they have competing motives * People have shared and unique motives * Motives change over time

5. * 3-Change the environment to enhance motivation * Competition v recreation * Provide multiple opportunities * Adjust to individuals within group * 4-Leaders influence motivation * 5-Use behavior modification to change undesirable participant motives

6. * A disposition to strive for satisfaction * Person’s effort to master a task, achieve excellence, overcome obstacles, perform better than others and take pride in exercising talent * The situation is very important * Many people compete with themselves

7. * Autonomous Competence Stage * <4 years; child focuses on mastering their environment and on self-testing; rarely compares self to others (motivated to tie their shoes) * 5 years; child focuses on directly comparing self to peers/others (who is faster, stronger, etc) * Integrated Stage – no typical age for entering; involves both of the first two stages; is the best stage to be in; knows when to compare selves to others or self

8. * An acquired condition in which a person perceives that his or her actions have no effect on the desired outcome * Person feels doomed to failure and that nothing can be done about it

9. * Missed block in football high school * Air ball from freethrow line (elite player) * Swing and miss in tennis (youth) * Pitcher that is normally very accurate, but in the past inning he/she gave up two runs * Volleyball player who’s hits have been going out (olympic athlete)