1. Business and Computing Deanery 3D Modelling Tools Week 17 – Lighting

2. 3D Modelling Tools 2 This week Lecture Lighting 3DS Max 7 Bible Chapter 27 Seminar Camera animation portfolio due (Portfolio 8) Tutorials Creating a Fly-around

3. 3D Modelling Tools 3 Realtime v. photorealistic Compare lighting OpenGL - max 8 Photorealistic – 10 per character Convergence of realtime and photorealistic Realtime is now used to plan real movies Used extensively in games

4. 3D Modelling Tools 4 Internal or 3 rd party Traditional The CG production pipeline Story Art Set design Layout Animation Shading Modelling Rendering Lighting Simulation Effects Film Commercial Editorial

5. 3D Modelling Tools 5 Rendering The act of translating the information in the files that make up the shot into a single frame of film Rendering "fills in" geometry with color, shadow, lighting effects, etc. Pixar have created Renderman 10 years ago it took 6 hours to render one frame How many today? Use render farms

6. 3D Modelling Tools 6 Concepts Light has warmth (yellowish) or coolness (bluish) Intensity Angle if incidence Radiosity Light reflecting from an object Attenuation Light becomes weaker with distance 3ds max v7

7. 3D Modelling Tools 7 Lighting basics Three main sources of lighting in classic photography Key Fill Backlight Concepts apply to 3D programs, plus Ambient light

8. 3D Modelling Tools 8 Getting it right 3ds max v7

9. 3D Modelling Tools 9 Key light Outdoors The sun Indoors Major window Main electric light Flash on a camera Spot light on a stage

10. 3D Modelling Tools 10 Fill and key lights Fills in the dark shadows cast by the key light Outdoors may be created artificially Indoors from secondary lights Distant window Light fitting Softens shadows 3ds max v7

11. 3D Modelling Tools 11 Backlight Situated behind the subject Separates the foreground from the background Can make the scene more three- dimensional

12. 3D Modelling Tools 12 Lighting strategies 3ds max v7

13. 3D Modelling Tools 13 Planning lighting Default lighting Use this until you are happy with the scene, then add lights Use as few as possible Start with the key light Maybe a spot Add fill Use omni or several spots Finally add accent lighting 3ds max v7

14. 3D Modelling Tools 14 Ambient light Not a light source Light from other sources bouncing of walls, the ceiling and other objects in the scene 3ds max v7

15. 3D Modelling Tools 15 Types of lighting Standard Spotlights Omnidirectional light Directional light Advanced Photometric lights

16. 3D Modelling Tools 16 Spotlights Casts a focused beam of light like a flashlight, a follow spot in a theatre, or a car headlight 3ds max v7

17. 3D Modelling Tools 17 Omnidirectional light Known as omni light Like a bare light bulb Casts rays in all directions from a single source 3ds max v7

18. 3D Modelling Tools 18 Directional light Also known as Distant lights Cast parallel light rays Primarily used to simulate sunlight

19. 3D Modelling Tools 19 Target lights Concept like cameras Target Easier to aim Simply position the target object at the centre of interest Free 3ds max v7

20. 3D Modelling Tools 20 Lighting direction Single light from side Single light straight on Both sides Reduced full fill 3ds max v7

21. 3D Modelling Tools 21 Activity Create a flat surface with a sphere and a cone sitting on top Add one or more spotlights to provide lighting and render the scene Experiment with moving them around and rendering the effect Add an omni light behind the scene Alter the values to achieve a balanced rendering

22. 3D Modelling Tools 22 Standard light settings Intensity Angle of incidence Attenuation Reflected light and ambient light Colour

23. 3D Modelling Tools 23 Attenuation Natural reduction of light intensity 3ds max v7

24. 3D Modelling Tools 24 Brightness and colour Intensity sets the brightness of the scene Range from 0 to 255 (white) Colour – use the RGB sliders 3ds max v7

25. 3D Modelling Tools 25 Activity With your scene experiment with your light settings Vary the light settings for: Intensity Angle of incidence Attenuation Reflected light and ambient light Colour

26. 3D Modelling Tools 26 Use of shadows Default lighting Spot plus low level back lighting Spot 3ds max v7

27. 3D Modelling Tools 27 Shadows Photometric and standard lights both have the same options for generating shadows Two types Shadow mapped Ray-traced

28. 3D Modelling Tools 28 Shadow mapped Grayscaled texture map based on the lighting and mesh Soft-edged More natural May be blocky May be inaccurate May be incorrectly positioned Do not take transparency into account Do not take on the colour cast of the object May use a lot of RAM 3ds max v7

29. 3D Modelling Tools 29 Ray traced shadows Ray tracing techniques Have a hard edge Software can be used to soften Very accurate and precise Does not use a lot of RAM 3ds max v7

30. 3D Modelling Tools 30 Hotspot and falloff Hotspot Angle of the inner portion of the beam Falloff Angle of the outer beam Differences in angles make the effect softer 3ds max v7

31. 3D Modelling Tools 31 Include and exclude Some software allows you to set up lights that affect only certain objects Use a pick list to select objects

32. 3D Modelling Tools 32 Colour and mood Cool colours – blues and violets Still and calm Warm colours – yellows, red and orange Fiery and energetic Intense and active Be careful, keep it subtle

33. 3D Modelling Tools 33 Activity Create a flat surface with a sphere and a cone sitting on top Add a spot light Add a fill light Alter the hotspot/fallout Alter the type of shadow

34. 3D Modelling Tools 34 Photometric lights Photometric lights enable you to more accurately define lights as they would be in the real world using ray tracing Distribution, intensity, colour temperature can be set 3ds max v7

35. 3D Modelling Tools 35 Global Illumination with Radiosity Standard lights are simpler than natural lighting Using photometric lights with a radiosity solution with your lights provides a better model of the real world Radiosity is rendering technology that realistically simulates the way in which light interacts in an environment

36. 3D Modelling Tools 36 Preset photometric lights Generic 60W Bulb Generic 75W Bulb Generic 100W Bulb Generic Halogen Spotlight Generic Recessed 75W Lamp (web) Generic Recessed 75W Wallwash (web) Generic Recessed 250W Wallwash (web) Generic 4ft Pendant Fluorescent (web) Generic 4ft Cove Fluorescent (web) Generic Street 400W Lamp (web) Generic Stadium 100W Lamp (web)

37. 3D Modelling Tools 37 Photometric lights Target Point Similar to a standard omni light, emits light from a geometric point Spotlight Focused beam Web distribution Distribution of light Many lighting manufacturers provide web files that model their products 3ds max v7

38. 3D Modelling Tools 38 Sunlight and Daylight A system that follows the geographically correct angle and movement of the sun over the earth at a given location You can choose Location Date and time Compass orientation. 3ds max v7

39. 3D Modelling Tools 39 Daylight Daylight combines sunlight and skylight The sunlight component can be either IES Sun light Illuminating Engineering Society Values set automatically based on geographic location, time, and date Or a standard light (a target direct light). The sky component can be either an IES Sky light Or a Skylight.

40. 3D Modelling Tools 40 Portfolio 9 Create a model with a cone, sphere and tube sitting on a flat surface with lighting to show: Strong directional lighting, similar to on a stage A general well lit scene Produce 2 A4 sheets, one for each scene containing a small rendering of the scene and an annotated plan showing and describing the lights used

41. 3D Modelling Tools 41 Questions List and describe three different light types used in 3D modelling giving their parameters and examples of their use Describe, giving light types, parameters and positions how you would light a scene: A stage A well lit indoor room A darkened room light by a candle Consider how this might be done as a storyboard Discuss the difficulties in including shadows within games

42. 3D Modelling Tools 42 Impendent study Directed reading 3DS Max 7 Bible Read Chapters 27 Portfolio 9 Due Week18 Tutorials Introduction to Lighting

43. 3D Modelling Tools 43 References 3ds max v7, (2005) User Reference and Tutorials Murdock K.L., (2005) 3DS Max 7 Bible, John Wiley & Sons Inc, ISBN: 0764579711