1. Wind and Tide Peter Bentley Technical Projects Manager Skandia Team GBR

2. Wind and Tide You don't need a weather man To know which way the wind blows Bob Dylan Subterranean Homesick Blues

3. Wind and Tide

6. Sailing in tide - Which way does the wind blow? Solutions: Trigonometry Vectors

7. Wind and Tide Solutions: Trigonometry Vectors

8. Wind and Tide Vectors Vectors are easy! The length of the line represents the magnitude of the action – speed of wind, tide, boat etc. The angle of the line represents the direction the wind, boat, tide etc. is moving. If we draw the lines so they touch at the ends, we can ‘add’ the vectors

9. Wind and Tide

22. Downwind: Which way does the wind blow? Where shall we put the mark?

23. Wind and Tide

30. Windward-Leeward Courses Using just two buoys you can’s set a perfect beat and a perfect run in a cross-tide situation

31. Wind and Tide Windward-Leeward Courses Using just two buoys you can’s set a perfect beat and a perfect run in a cross-tide situation Compromise In all but the most extreme situations it is possible to produce a good compromise

32. Wind and Tide

34. Summary so far….

35. Wind and Tide Sailing Wind The Sailing Wind is that experienced by a free-floating stationary boat

36. Wind and Tide Sailing Wind The Sailing Wind is that experienced by a free-floating stationary boat Upwind The Sailing Wind is always influenced by the tide The COG and SOG is always influenced by the tide The two effects are additive

37. Wind and Tide Sailing Wind The Sailing Wind is that experienced by a free-floating stationary boat Upwind The Sailing Wind is always influenced by the tide The COG and SOG is always influenced by the tide The two effects are additive Downwind The Sailing Wind is always influenced by the tide The COG and SOG is always influenced by the tide The two effects are subtractive

38. Wind and Tide Startlines Unbiased starting lines are set at 90 degrees to the sailing wind

39. Wind and Tide Startlines Unbiased starting lines are set at 90 degrees to the sailing wind Course Axis Unbiased legs are set based on VMG with equal time on each tack

40. Wind and Tide

41. What can go wrong?

42. Wind and Tide The Naive Race Officer

43. Wind and Tide

44. The Very Naive Race Officer I’m not suggesting any of you would do this….. But If using our original scenario, we put the windward mark directly upwind of the committee boat using a wind reference from the Committee boat (Ground Wind) 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 40 seconds b) 22 seconds c) 17 seconds

45. Wind and Tide The Very Naive Race Officer I’m not suggesting any of you would do this….. But If using our original scenario, we put the windward mark directly upwind of the committee boat using a wind reference from the Committee boat (Ground Wind) 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack c) 17 seconds

46. Wind and Tide Vector Changes

47. Wind and Tide

52. Wind Shear What is the Sailing Wind vector?

53. Wind and Tide Wind Shear What is the Sailing Wind vector? A very difficult question to answer Wind at mean rig height? Split-tacks?

54. Wind and Tide Wind Shear What is the Sailing Wind vector? A very difficult question to answer Wind at mean rig height? Split-tacks? Well instrumented race-boats use split-tacks to set up the system calibration

55. Wind and Tide Taller weather-boat masts are one solution….

56. Wind and Tide Other Errors Small hand-held wind meters (and some more expensive ones) have notoriously poor calibration, especially at low speeds.

57. Wind and Tide Other Errors Small hand-held wind meters (and some more expensive ones) have notoriously poor calibration, especially at low speeds. Shore based anemometers are often badly sited

58. Wind and Tide Other Errors Small hand-held wind meters (and some more expensive ones) have notoriously poor calibration, especially at low speeds. Shore based anemometers are often badly sited Official reported winds are in degrees True. Sailors and race committees work in degrees Magnetic. Not generally a problem in the UK

59. Wind and Tide How significant are the Errors Goals Unbiased start lines Approximately equal time one each tack - upwind Approximately equal time one each gybe - downwind

60. Wind and Tide Errors in course axis 5 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 60 seconds b) 50 seconds c) 40 seconds

61. Wind and Tide Errors in course axis 5 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 60 seconds b) 50 seconds c) 40 seconds 10 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 60 seconds b) 40 seconds c) 30 seconds

62. Wind and Tide Errors in course axis 5 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 60 seconds b) 50 seconds c) 40 seconds 10 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 60 seconds b) 42 seconds c) 30 seconds 18 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack a) 40 seconds b) 30 seconds c) 20 seconds

63. Wind and Tide Errors in course axis 5 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack b) 50 seconds 10 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack b) 42 seconds 18 degrees error 60 seconds on long tack Time on short tack b) 30 seconds

64. Wind and Tide

65. To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind

66. Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind The tide has a significant effect on the Course Made Good

67. Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind The tide has a significant effect on the Course Made Good These effects are not always easy or intuitive to work out

68. Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind The tide has a significant effect on the Course Made Good These effects are not always easy or intuitive to work out The errors introduced by these effects are very significant to the quality of the racing

69. Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind The tide has a significant effect on the Course Made Good These effects are not always easy or intuitive to work out The errors introduced by these effects are very significant to the quality of the racing There are no hard and fast answers

70. Wind and Tide To Sum-Up The tide has a significant effect on the sailing wind The tide has a significant effect on the Course Made Good These effects are not always easy or intuitive to work out The errors introduced by these effects are very significant to the quality of the racing There are no hard and fast answers As with so much involved in race officering, awareness and experience are the best tools

71. Wind and Tide Thanks for listening…..