1. Rome Expands Its Borders
Chapter 7.2
Rome Expands Its Borders

3. Rome Fights Carthage
*Mid 200’s B.C. – Rome and Carthage come into conflict
*Carthage – City on the coast of N. Africa

4. Carthage * Commercial power * Had interests in Sicily
* Feared Rome wanted Sicily
* Rome feared Carthaginian navy wanted to control the Mediterranean

5. Carthage vs. Rome * Conflict over Sicily led to the Punic Wars
-Rome vs. Carthage
-3 costly wars

6. First Punic War *Began 264 B.C. lasted 23 yrs.
*Rome – No navy to start war
*Quickly developed navy from captured Carthaginian boat
*Added landing bridges to ships to take enemies ships

7. First Punic War: Results
*Carthage asked for peace treaty
*Rome forced Carthage to pay huge war reparations (repay money)
*Romans control Sicily

8. Second Punic War *218 – 202 B.C. *Hannibal: Great Carthaginian general
*Assembled huge army in Spain
-Included soldiers, horses and war Elephants
*Marched through Alps Italy
-Many soldiers died

9. Hannibal

11. *Roman Legions no match for Hannibal: retreat
Second Punic War
*Roman Legions no match for Hannibal: retreat
*Hannibal: not equipped to attack Roman cities
-Destroyed countryside
-Romans: Remained loyal to Rome

12. Second Punic War *Rome invades Africa and threatens Carthage
-Hannibal ordered home
*Scipio – Great Roman General
*Defeated Hannibal: Battle of Zama

13. Scipio

14. Second Punic War: Results
*Punishment of Carthage
-pay war reparations again
-Had to give up navy & Spanish colonies
-Lost majority of its power to Rome
*Rome: most powerful in Western Mediterranean

15. *Carthage: not a threat to Rome -still hated
Third Punic War
*Carthage: not a threat to Rome
-still hated
*149 B.C. – Roman Senate decides to crush Carthage
-Siege on city

16. Third Punic War: Results
146 B.C. – Carthage eliminated for good
Rome: Superpower of the Med. Sea

18. Problems with Expansion
*Expanding size of Rome = changes in government
*Senate: controls army/foreign policy
*New provinces governed loosely

19. Problems with Expansion
*Conquered people: subjects of Rome.
-not citizens
~Overtaxed
~poorly governed
~mistreated

20. Domestic Problems *B/c of Punic Wars: Farms destroyed
-Import grain from territories
*Farmers: No money: sold farms and moved to the city
-Many could not find work

21. Domestic Problems *Equites – new social class *Social gap:
-Business people: gain money from trade
*Social gap:
-Rich=richer
-Poor=poorer

22. Spartacus Slave who lead a revolt in 73 B.C.
70,000 Slaves participated
Romans: put down revolt in two years
Spartacus: died in battle