1. Early Rome From the founding to the republic

2. The Founding Aeneas – The Aeneid by Virgil, Trojan War around 1220 BC Romulus and Remus – twin sons of Rhea Silvia and Mars Rome founded around 750 BC on Palatine Hill 7 kings spanned the next 200 years, ending in 510 BC Etruscans predated Rome on Italian peninsula Rome was under Etruscan rule

3. Romulus and Remus suckled by she- wolf

5. Early Roman Republic Rome rebelled against Etruscan rule Consuls The Latin League Cincinnatus Oath of the Horatii The Twelve Tables Appian Way built Greek general Pyrrhus Rome finally conquered peninsula in 276 BC

6. First Punic War 264-241 BC Carthage were Phoenicians (enemies of Greece) Hiero, king of Messana, chooses Roman rule over Carthage Rome builds up navy Ends up stalemate but Rome now a Mediterranean power, wins Sicily

7. Carthaginian Empire

8. Second Punic War 218-201 BC Hamilcar Barca took Spain, Rome took Corsica Taught his son Hannibal to hate Rome Barca died, Hannibal took a faraway Roman City in Spain (Sarguntum) Left his brother Hasdrubal to guard Took elephants across Pyrenees to invade Rome from north

9. Hannibal’s route

10. Hannibal in Italian peninsula Hannibal recruited Gauls on the way Had 30,000 men when he met Romans Won at Trebia, Lake Tresimene Cannae was decisive victory, Hannibal outnumbered 2 to 1 Terrorized southern Italy, survived 15 years Carthage would not send reinforcements Hannibal asked Hasdrubal for help Hasdrubal killed en route, Hannibal mired

11. Scipio Africanus While Hannibal in Italy, Scipio invades North Africa Hannibal recalled to Carthage Battle of Zama 202 BC – Scipio defeats Hannibal Harsh terms of surrender Cato’s words: “Carthage must be destroyed.” Carthage still trading power Hannibal fled to Greece and Asia Minor

12. Third Punic War 149–146 BC Carthage broke Rome’s sand line Invaded Numidia in 149 BC Rome sent Scipio Africanus again Carthage held out for 3 years All citizens killed or sold into slavery Land salted 100 BC – Julius Caesar born