1. Unit IV – The Romans From Republic to Empire Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved

2. 1. Video

3. 2. Location – 509BC

4. 3. Location 180 - AD

5. 4. From Romulus to Republic A. The story of Romulus – B. The uniting of the 5 hills – C. Why a Republic? -

6. 5. The Republic – 509BC A. What was the most powerful governing body? A. What was the most powerful governing body? B. What social/economic group were the members chosen from? B. What social/economic group were the members chosen from? C. How did the plebeians get representation? C. How did the plebeians get representation?

7. 6. The North Wall of Rome – Porta Pinciana

8. 7. Structure of Government A. Senate – the law making body 1. senators - representing patricians 2. tribunes - representing common people in the Senate, had veto power 3. 2 consuls making executive decisions – actually running day to day affairs 4. in times of war or emergency, the Senate created a dictatorship

9. 8. The Roman Senate Building on the Forum

10. 9. Committed to the Rule of Law and Justice A. The Twelve Tables B. Civil Law/Law of Nations C. Civil Law principles: Equality before the law Innocent until proven guilty The right to face the accuser Guilt established clearer than daylight Fairness – judges can interpret the law

11. 10. Transition From Republic to Empire 133BC – 27BC A. Economic problems causing unrest B. The murders of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus C. Julius Caesar – 44BC D. Octavian – Augustus – 1st citizen (emperor)

12. 11. The Temple of Julius Caesar

13. 12. Augustus – The First Citizen

14. 13. Pax Romana – 27BC – 180AD A. What was life like in the following areas? 1. trade – national and international 2. flow of ideas 3. role of women 4. education 5. religion 6. government

15. 14. Video

16. 15. Roman Accomplishments In what areas did Romans make great accomplishments? In what areas did Romans make great accomplishments? 1. Architecture 1. Architecture 2. Engineering 2. Engineering 3. Law 3. Law 4. Military power 4. Military power

17. 16. The Roman Coliseum

18. 17. The Coliseum (cont.)

19. 18. The Fall (Long Decline) of Rome Western – Rome 476 Western – Rome 476 1. economic problems 1. economic problems 2. attacks from “barbarians” 2. attacks from “barbarians” 3. decline in 3. decline in a. patriotism/duty a. patriotism/duty b. discipline b. discipline 4. weakened army/mercenaries 4. weakened army/mercenaries 5. power hungry leaders 5. power hungry leaders Eastern – Constantinople 312 Eastern – Constantinople 312 1. Remained in power until 1453 1. Remained in power until 1453

20. 19. Video

21. 20. Efforts at Reform The effort at economic reform was continued by many Roman leaders such as: A. Diocletian - 284 B. Constantine - 312

22. 21. Constantine’s Arch and Sarcophagus

23. 22. Important Terms and People 1. patricians/plebeians 1. patricians/plebeians 2. consuls 2. consuls 3. tribunes/veto 3. tribunes/veto 4. republic/empire 4. republic/empire 5. legion 5. legion 6. Hannibal/Punic Wars 6. Hannibal/Punic Wars 7. economic problems 7. economic problems 8. Gracchus Bros. 8. Gracchus Bros. 9. Julius Caesar 9. Julius Caesar 10. Augustus 10. Augustus 11. Hadrian 11. Hadrian 12. Pax Romana 12. Pax Romana 13. aqueduct 13. aqueduct 14. engineering/arch. 14. engineering/arch. 15. military 15. military 16. rule of Law/12 Tables 16. rule of Law/12 Tables 17. reasons for fall of western Rome 17. reasons for fall of western Rome 18. Diocletian 18. Diocletian 19. Constantine 19. Constantine 20. eastern Rome 20. eastern Rome 21. legion 21. legion