1. Warm Up: p. 16 1. Who were the Plebeians? 2. Who were the Patricians? 3. How does Rome’s government compare to that of Ancient Athens?

2. The Expansion of Rome Add Guided notes to p. 17

3. Roman Army Roman Army at first only Patricians. Rome was sacked, 376 BC: Plebeians added to army. Legions=100-5,000 men

4. The Punic Wars Rome vs. Carthage Fought for control over the Mediterranean

5. The 1 st Punic War (264-241 B.C.) Fought for control of Sicily What is the main military strength of Carthage?

6. 1 st Punic War con’t Romans captured a Carthaginian ship and used it as a model Romans built naval fleet (120 ships) Corvus Romans eventually gain control of Sicily

7. …Today? Does the US have a strategic interest like the Mediterranean Sea? Does the US have a corvus-like military weapon advantage?

8. The 2 nd Punic War (218-201 B.C.)

9. Hannibal Leader of Carthage Great military leader Romans hoped to hold Hannibal in Spain with their ships then attack Carthage itself Hannibal had other ideas

10. Hannibal’s Plan Advanced into Italy by land Marched across the Alps 40,000 soldiers 37 elephants http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gbPIyCuGTA 8,000 horses

11. Hannibal’s Plan con’t He marched across the Alps Only ½ of his men and a few elephants survived

12. Hannibal in Italy Even though he lost half of his men and many animals…Hannibal still was willing to fight Fought the Romans at Placentia Won! Continued to win battles in Italy Lake Trasimene and Cannae …Solution to stop Carthage?

13. Hannibal vs. Scipio Roman General Scipio Scipio defeats Hannibal in North Africa

14. Results of the 2 nd Punic War Peace 1. Spain given to Rome Carthaginians allowed to keep original territory in Africa Cannot make war with out Roman Permission Why wouldn’t the Romans destroy Carthage entirely? Should they have done so?

15. The 3 rd Punic War (149-146 B.C.) Carthage destroyed by Romans Burned the city Plowed salt into the soil

16. Mare Nostrum “Our Sea” Rome becomes dominant force in the Mediterranean

17. End of the Punic Wars Rome dominates/destroys the legacy of Carthage and becomes basis for European history What if Rome has lost? What would be the effect on World History? (Counterfactual..)

18. Roman Soldier Journal Entry Bottom of P.19 You are a Roman Soldier at the end of the 3 rd Punic War. Write a note in your journal describing what you saw/did, what happened to Carthage, and whether or not you think this should have happened to Carthage.