1. Rome

2. Foundation myths – Aeneas – Romulus & Remus – 753bc Periods of Roman history – 753bc-509bc: KINGS – 509bc-31bc: REPUBLIC – 31bc-479ad: EMPIRE

3. Rome Period of Kings – Lictors with fasces; curule chair; purple toga – Head of state with a variety of prerogatives (religious, foreign policy, judiciary, etc.) – A senate appointed by Romulus: 300 men – Relations with surrounding tribes – End of the monarchy and Estruscan domination; rise of Latium and Republic

4. Rome 509bc-265bc – early republic – Consuls replace kings – Constitution of checks and balances – Struggle of the orders: patricians versus plebeians – Expansion throughout the peninsula 264-241: first Punic War – 238 Sardinia and Corsica – 221 Hannibal in command of Punic army in Spain

5. Rome 218-202: second Punic War – 216 Battle of Cannae – 209 Scipio takes New Carthage – 202 Battle of Zama 149-146: third Punic War – 146 Destruction of Carthage

6. Rome Throughout the Republic Period, policy toward conquered was a huge issue – Some received full citizenship – Some received municipal status – Allies in foreign policy and for the army – Some allied via treaties – Some places were colonized (especially for veterans) The result: LOYALTY

7. Rome Roman expansion: – Defensive or preventive – Security for Rome on Rome’s terms – Created problems: what to do with conquered subjects post Punic wars? Slavery and Mediterranean culture – How Greece conquered Rome

8. Rome The end of the Republic – Gracchi: 133 and 121bc – Marius 157-86bc – Sulla 138-78bc – Middle of 1 st century: Pompey & Caesar Caesar’s assassination The rise of Octavian Octavian and Antony