1. GCSE Physical Education Regular Exercise & The Cardiovascular System

2. Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson pupils should: Explain the effects of regular and long-term participation in exercise and physical activity Be able to define the terms cardiac output and stroke volume

3. Benefits of Regular Exercise

4. Regular or long-term participation in physical activity has many benefits, the most important of which is that the heart becomes more efficient. Others include: - Decreased resting heart rate - Faster heart recovery rate - Increased stroke volume - Increased cardiac output - Decreased blood pressure - Healthy veins and arteries

5. Decreased Resting Heart Rate

6. The resting heart rate gives an indication of fitness This is due to the heart getting bigger and stronger with training, so it can supply the same amount of blood with fewer beats Therefore the heart of a fitter person beats less times, which is more efficient and results in less stress for the heart

7. Faster Heart Recovery Rate

8. Heart rate recovery is the speed at which the heart returns to normal after exercise The faster the recovery rate, the fitter the person A fast heart recovery rate is another long-term benefit of exercise

9. Increased Stroke Volume

10. Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the heart each beat When a person exercises regularly, stroke volume increases, both at rest and at work This is because the heart becomes more efficient and stronger as a result of regular training

11. Increased Cardiac Output

12. Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute It is governed by the heart rate (pulse) and the stroke volume. Which both change when a person participates in exercise over a long period of time Cardiac Stroke Heart Output=VolumeX Rate (CO) (SV) (HR)

13. Reduced Blood Pressure

14. Regular exercise reduces blood pressure. Exercise can help with weight loss which can reduce blood pressure Factors which can affect blood pressure in individuals includes age, sex, muscular development, stress and tiredness Altitude can also affect blood pressure, as the body reacts to the low oxygen pressure which can occur at high altitudes

15. Healthy Veins & Arteries

16. Fitness increases the number of capillaries within the heart muscle Helps to make blood vessels more flexible and efficient, and to stay clear If a heart attack occurs, a blockage in a fit person’s blood vessel is likely to result in less damage than it might in an unfit person

17. Learning Objectives (Revisited) By the end of this lesson pupils should: Explain the effects of regular and long-term participation in exercise and physical activity Be able to define the terms cardiac output and stroke volume

18. Thank you Any questions, please do not hesitate to ask