2. RECAP

3. Romulus movie Story of Romulus reinforces some important Roman values: one must always put Rome first, before self, family (even your twin brother). ROME WAS FOUNDED IN 753 BCE ROMULUS AND REMUS ROMULUS AND REMUS

4. From 753 BCE until 509 BCE Rome was ruled by kings Romulus Numa Pompilius Tullus Hostilius Ancus Martius Tarquinius Priscus Servius Tullius Tarquinius Superbus MONARCHY

5. Tarquinius Superbus was so bad, that Brutus and Colatinus drove him out and the Roman Republic was formed. Democracy 509 BC

6. Senate is the advisory board. Elected officials in charge of running infrastructure, finances and the courts. Provincial Aristocrats are in charge of governing small towns. SPQR ROMAN REPUBLIC

7. Throughout Roman History, tales from this period are told to reinforce Roman virtues. TALES OF ROMAN BRAVERY

8. Rome starts out as a small city and grows bit by bit until it becomes a powerful force in the third century BCE. Punic War Movie REPUBLIC

9. After the three Punic Wars, Rome becomes the master of the Mediterranean and an extremely wealthy state. PUNIC WARS

10. Problems begin over the influx of money. Rome expands more.Violence occurs in Rome; civil wars between powerful generals cause strife in Rome during the second and first century BC. Republic ultimately comes to an end with Julius Caesar. FALL OF THE REPUBLIC

11. 44 BCE 44 BC DEATH OF CAESAR DEATH OF CAESAR

12. By the first century BCE, Rome is too big to run as it had been in the Republic. Octavian, who is known as Augustus, becomes the first emperor. Primus Inter Pares ROMAN EMPIRE

13. Rome sees itself as: Divinely ordained to rule the world. A stabilizing force throughout the world. A civilizing force throughout the world. Eternally and universally in power. During the Height of the Empire ROME

14. Roman historians, poets, ancient P.R. People put out the following theme: Rome became great because they were Courageous, serious, hard working, wise, thrifty, obedient to established authority, devoted to the gods, family, home, country ROMAN VIRTUES

15. Careful to preserve the values and customs of their ancestors, Slow to adopt change unless it appeared sound. Conservative

16. Emperor represents Rome. He is the First Citizen (Princeps). Symbol of Roman Majesty. Supreme Authority. Good Emperors were loved and worshiped as gods. Bad Emperors were horrible. Bad Emperors THE EMPEROR

17. Nerva Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius Good Emperors GIBBONS AND THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE

18. LATE ANTIQUITY

19. A series of problems occurs at the same time and nearly brings about the end of Rome. Military anarchy (between 235-284, 24 emperors are put into place and killed off by army) MID THIRD CENTURY CE

20. Rome’s frontiers had been stabilized by army. Because of droughts, food shortages, and population growth in Persia and Pannonia, “Barbarians” attack and try to take over Roman border areas. BARBARIAN INVASIONS

21. Roman army cannot really keep borders safe. Taxes are raised mightily to pay for border wars.

22. Poor and middle class people are especially hurt by taxes. They have less money and spend less and industry shrinks. ECONOMY FAILS

23. Small farmers cannot compete with large government supported farms. Food shortages. Army cannot be fed. AGRICULTURE FAILS

24. Aristocrats in provincial towns are heavily taxed and can no longer provide buildings and services for local communities. Building, infrastructure, local government and schools dissolve. LOCAL ARISTOCRACIES

25. Because of the civil wars, aristocratic families are killed off or their money and land is confiscated. Friends of temporary emperors are put in the Senate. Less loyalty to Rome becomes rampant. Traditional Roman virtues abandoned. ERADICATION OF ARISTOCRACY

26. Diocletian “saves” Rome by: Reforming the role of the military Establishing a strong, central government Dividing the Empire into the East and West to thwart military threats 284-305 CE DIOCLETIAN

27. Makes Constantinople the capital of the Eastern Empire Establishes Christianity as the official Roman Religion 285 – 337 AD CONSTANTINE THE GREAT

28. Eastern and Western Empire Greek Language Barbarian Threats Dissolution of Roman Values and Traditions Christianity THEMES