1. Multiple Intelligences

2. Creator Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory was published in a book in 1983. He originally claimed that there were 7 relatively independent intelligences. An 8 th was added in 1999 and more recently a 9 th was added He also stated that each individual has a different degree of each intelligence. Each person is unique.

3. According to Howard Gardner, as presented in his book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences "it becomes necessary to say, once and for all, that there can never be, a single irrefutable and universally accepted list of human intelligences." (pg.60)

4. The 9 Multiple Intelligences 1.Linguistic Intelligence 2.Logical-Mathematical Intelligence 3.Intra-Personal Intelligence 4.Interpersonal Intelligence 5.Musical Intelligence 6.Spatial Intelligence 7.Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence 8.Naturalistic Intelligence 9.Existential Intelligence

6. Linguistic Intelligence Sensitivity to the meaning of words Can follow the rules of grammar Sensitive to the order of words, their sounds, rhythms, and inflections Poets, authors, reporters, speakers, attorneys, talk-show hosts, politicians, lecturers, and teachers may exhibit developed linguistic intelligence

7. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Critical and Abstract thinker Problem solving comes naturally Learn best through measuring, categorizing, and analyzing Mathematicians, engineers, physicists, researchers, astronomers, and scientists may exhibit developed logical- mathematical intelligence

8. Intra-Personal Intelligence Works best alone Reflective Can detect feelings Knows oneself and inner feelings Novelists, therapists, sages, psychologists, and philosophers may exhibit developed intra-personal intelligence

9. Inter-Personal Intelligence Interacts well with others Able to read the intentions and desires of others Good team player, mediating conflicts, and is a socializer Politicians, religious leaders, and those in the helping professions may exhibit developed inter-personal intelligence

10. Musical Intelligence Ability to use the core set of musical elements- pitch, rhythm, and tone Learn best when things are put to music Singers, composers, instrumentalists, conductors, and those who enjoy, understand, use, create, perform, and appreciate music and/or elements of music may exhibit developed musical intelligence

11. Spatial Intelligence good sense of directions Capacity to think in visual images Learns best through seeing and observing Creative Sailors, engineers, surgeons, sculptors, painters, cartographers, and architects may exhibit developed spatial intelligence

12. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence Control of one’s bodily motions Able to handle objects skilfully Learn best with hands on and acting things out Actors, dancers, swimmers, acrobats, athletes, jugglers, instrumentalists and artisans may exhibit developed bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

13. Naturalistic Intelligence Interested in the natural world- plants, animals, and scientific studies Can recognize, classify, and explain things from the natural world Farmers, ranchers, hunters, gardeners, and animal handlers may exhibit developed naturalistic intelligence

14. Existential Intelligence Able to be sensitive or have the capacity for understanding deeper or larger questions about human existence. Meaning of life, why are we born, why do we die, what is consciousness, how did we get here?