1. © Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 WATER IN THE LANDSCAPE

2. © Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 10 PROCESSES OF LANDSCAPE CHANGE Erosion and deposition, involving: – water – wind – ice – solution – ocean waves Accelerated rates of change by human activities

3. © Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 10 SLOPEWASH OR SURFACE WASH Overland flow and sediment detachment velocities Sheet erosion Rill erosion Gully erosion Rates of erosion – geologic and accelerated Estimating rates of erosion (SOILOSS) Fire and its effect on erosion rates

4. © Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 10 WATER EROSION AND GULLYING Gullying and human activities – Livestock tracks and pedestrian pathways – Plough lines – Roads and forestry logging tracks Pre-European epicycles of gullying – Tectonic movements? – Sea level changes? – Rainfall changes? Managing gully erosion

5. © Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 10 WATER AND RIVER SYSTEMS Sources of in-channel flow Mechanisms of sediment transport – Traction, creep – Saltation – Suspension – Solution Bedload and distance downstream – Most bedload in upper reaches – Sediment size decreases downstream – Sediment rounding increases downstream

6. © Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 10 DRAINAGE PATTERNS Drainage pattern types –Dendritic –Distributary –Rectangular –Centripetal/interior –Radial –Annular Rivers in humid and arid Australia Streams and sediment deposition

7. © Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 10 WATER – FROZEN (ICE) AND BELOW GROUND (GROUNDWATER) Quaternary glaciations in Australia Ice as a sculpting agent in the landscape Glacial and periglacial landforms Groundwater and salinisation –Rehabilitation of areas affected by dryland salinity

8. © Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 10 HUMAN-INDUCED ACCELERATED EROSION Urban development –Managing urban erosion Transportation routes Mining –Mine rehabilitation Recreation