1. U.S HISTORY
Standard 4 review

2. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the industrial development and the consequences of that development on society and politics during the second half of the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries.
USHC-4

3. Summarize the impact that government policy and the construction of the transcontinental railroads had on the development of the national market and on the culture of Native American peoples.
USHC 4.1

4. Impact of the Transcontinental Railroad
Railroad’s Impact on Business
Action
Impact
Acquisition of Western lands
Railroads move
to build Transcontinental Railroad
Government Policies
that aided railroad construction
1. Land Grants
Subsidies
For the Railroads…
Cheap land 
Cheap money

5. Impact of the Transcontinental Railroad
Railroad’s Impact on Business
Action
Impact
 Building the
Transcontinental Railroad
Rise of new industries
1. Coal
2. Steel
3. Lumber
4. Railroad Cars
5. Meatpacking
New industries
Rise of the national market

6. Impact of the Transcontinental Railroad
Railroads Impact on
Native Americans
Action
Impact
Acquisition of Western lands
Reservation system
Transcontinental Railroad
Assimilation of the Native Americans

7. Impact of the Transcontinental Railroad
Railroads Impact on
Native Americans
Action
Impact
Arrival of Western Settlers
Accelerate assimilation through
Severalty
Destruction of the Indian Reservation
System
Land is divided among Native American
Families

8. Analyze the factors that influenced the economic growth of the United States and its emergence as an industrial power, including the abundance of natural resources; government support and protection in the form of railroad subsidies, tariffs, and labor policies; and the expansion of international markets.
USHC-4.2

9. Factors that Influenced U.S. Economic Growth
ACTION
IMPACT
Natural Resources
1.iron ore
2.coal
3.lumber
Building of the Transcontinental Railroad.
RAW materials for Industry
Government Support
Subsidies to RAILROADS
Free LAND to settlers
Cheap LOANS to Railroad Companies
Westward MIGRATION
PROTECTIVE Tariff
HIGH tariffs on imports
Protected AMERICAN industry from foreign COMPETITION

10. Factors that Influenced U.S. Economic Growth
ACTION
IMPACT
Labor Policy
RELAXED immigration policies
Government BREAKS UP strikes
ABUNDANCE of labor
Protect the BUSINESS owners
Development of International Markets
Expansion into the PACIFIC
Annexation of HAWAII
Spanish American WAR
New MARKETS to sell U.S. markets

11. Evaluate the role of capitalism and its impact on democracy, including the ascent of new industries, the increasing availability of consumer goods and the rising standard of living, the role of entrepreneurs, the rise of business through monopoly and the influence of business ideologies.
USHC-4.3

12. Rise of Entrepreneurs and Big Business
Entrepreneurs used new TECHNOLOGY and business TACTICS to create corporations that controlled their industry.
Rise of Entrepreneurs and Big Business

13. How They Made Their Money
Coke fields
Iron ore deposits
Steel mills
Ships
Railroads
purchased by Carnegie
Andrew CARNEGIE
Business US STEEL
VERTICAL Integration
Controlling all aspects of production
Tactics Used:
PURCHASED MINES
PURCHASED RAILROADS
CREATED A MONOPOLY

14. How They Made Their Money
John ROCKEFELLER
Business STANDARD OIL
HORIZONTAL Integration
“Buying Out the Competition”
Tactics Used
KICKBACKS
REBATES
UNDERCUT THE COMPETITION

15. Monopolies
Vertical Integration You control all phases of production from the raw material to the finished product
Coke fields
Iron ore deposits
Steel mills
Ships
Railroads
purchased by Carnegie
Horizontal Integration Buy out your competition until you have control of a single area of industry

16. How They Made Their Money
Justified by :
SOCIAL DARWINISM survival of the fittest in the business world
LAISSEZ FAIRE “hands off” the economy by the government

17. How They Made Their Money
Impact:
INCREASE in the availability of consumer goods
Increase in the U.S. STANDARD of living
Creation of business MONOPOLIES
New INDUSTRIES

18. Explain the impact of industrial growth and business cycles on farmers, workers, immigrants, labor unions, and the Populist movement and the ways that these groups and the government responded to the economic problems caused by industry and business
USHC-4.4

19. Impact of Industrial Growth
Farmers
Problem
Action
1. Over-PRODUCTION   
2. Falling PRICES
3. Farm MORTGAGED
Organize POLITICALLY
Regulate RAILROADS
Granger Laws
Interstate COMMERCE Act
Increase the supply of MONEY Bimetallism
Creation of the
POPULIST Party

20. Goals of the Populists Graduated INCOME tax Secret BALLOT
Popular Election of SENATORS
8-hour work day
Regulation of RAILROADS

21. PIVITOL POINT Election of 1896
William Jennings Bryan’s CROSS of Gold speech….. Protect the FARMERS
REPUBLICANS WIN

22. Support the POPULIST party
Labor
Problems
Action
Long HOURS
UNSAFE conditions
Low WAGES
ABUNDANCE of labor
Support the POPULIST party
Formation of LABOR unions

23. First Labor Unions
1.KNIGHTS OF LABOR
2.A.F.L.

24. Weapons of Labor
1. STRIKE
2. COLLECTIVE bargaining   
3. CLOSED Shop
Weapons of Business
1. YELLOW dog contracts
2. Hire SCABS
3. LOCKouts
4. BLACKlists

25. SENT TROOPS IN TO STOP THE STRIKE
Great Strikes
Railroad Strike of 1877
Causes
WAGES CUT
Results
SENT TROOPS IN TO STOP THE STRIKE
SET PRECEDENT

26. TURNED PUBLIC OPINON AGAINST KNIGHTS OF LABOR
Great Strikes
Haymarket Strike
Causes
RADICALS SET OFF BOMB
Results
TURNED PUBLIC OPINON AGAINST KNIGHTS OF LABOR

27. SENT TROOPS TO STOP THE STRIKE
Great Strikes
Pullman Strike
Causes
WORKERS STRIKE
PULLMAN CLOSED PLANT
Results
SENT TROOPS TO STOP THE STRIKE

28. Explain the causes and effects of urbanization in late nineteenth-century America, including the movement from farm to city, the changing immigration patterns, the rise of ethnic neighborhoods, the role of political machines, and the migration of African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West.
USHC-4.5

29. Immigration and Urbanization
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States was flooded with millions of “New Immigrants” from SOUTHERN and EASTERN EUROPE
Cites in the north were also flooded with FREED men from the South that moved North looking for economic opportunities

30. Resentment of New Immigrants
They didn’t understand ENGLISH.
Their home countries lacked traditions of DEMOCRATIC government.
Resentment of New Immigrants
Their religions (CATHOLIC, JEW, BUDDHIST) were largely alien to native born Americans
They provided a steady supply of CHEAP LABOR, which undermined efforts by labor unions to get better wages.

31. Resentment of New Immigrants
In most cases, immigrants were too POOR to move beyond coastal cities, leading to the rise of densely populated ETHNIC neighborhoods. Immigrants relied on POLITICAL machines, led by party bosses, to help them find jobs.

32. Compare the accomplishments and limitations of the women’s suffrage movement and the Progressive Movement in affecting social and political reforms in America, including the roles of the media and of reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Jane Addams, and presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.
USHC-4.6

33. Progressive Movement Jane Adams
Started the HULL House to help immigrant families

34. Progressive Movement Teddy Roosevelt Progressive President
“TRUST Buster”
“SQUARE Deal”
Broke up trusts and unfair business practices
Pure Created the FDA: FOOD and DRUG Act
MEAT Inspection Act
Prompted by Upton Sinclair’s publication: The Jungle
COAL Strike
Used the MILITARY to end a strike
Conservation: NATIONAL PARKS

35. Woodrow Wilson
CLAYTON Antitrust Act
Strengthened the provisions of the Sherman Antitrust Act
Federal RESERVE Act
A central BANKING system created to regulate the MONETARY supply and INTERESTS RATES

36. Jacob Riis
author of How the Other Half Lives
exposed the poor conditions in urban TENAMENTS (low-rent apartments) and SWEATSHOPS, where immigrants performed cheap labor

37. Progressive Amendments
16th GRADUATED INCOME TAX 
17TH DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS  
18TH PROHIBITION 
19th WOMAN’S SUFFRAGE