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Paul McKenna Royal Society of Edinburgh Research Fellow A review of high-intensity laser-driven ion acceleration and induced nuclear phenomena LEIF Meeting, June 2003
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Introduction Accelerating gradient ~TV/m
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Laser-driven proton acceleration
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CPA pulse Target CCD camera Protons 0.1mm 0.25mm 0.5mm 1.0mm BACK Cu activation stack Front Back Front Proton acceleration on Vulcan petawatt
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Proton beam quality measurements Normalised emittance N < 0.5 mm mrad at 40 MeV (c.f. CERN Linac2, protons ~50 MeV: N ~1.7 mm mrad) Film Cu filters 10 m structure 50 m Au 45 mm ~28 MeV ~35 MeV 1 cm Structure after substracting the general intensity rise in the middle Source size:~40 m for 40 MeV; :~150 m for 4 MeV
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 14 N + p 11 C + 4 He 11 C20 mins 13 C + p 13 N + n 13 N10 mins 15 N + p 15 O + n 15 O2 mins 18 O + p 18 F + n 18 F1.7 hours
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Laser driven PET isotope production
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Automated FDG Synthesis 1. 18 F ions are trapped on a cartridge and enriched water [O 18 ]H 2 O is recovered 2. 18 F used in labelling reaction
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Laser-driven heavy ion acceleration
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Heavy ion acceleration measurements Target foil Pinhole Thomson parabola spectrometer Activation material VULCAN pulse CR39 Ions 2.5cm 220cm 5cm References: Clark et al., Phys.Rev. Lett., 85, 1654 (2000) Krushelnick et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 28, 1184 (2000)
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Nuclear activation: Experiment arrangement Activation samples Resistively heated target Iodine samples Laser pulse
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Ion-induced reactions: Typical gamma spectrum 860 C Main target: 100 m Fe, Activation target: C
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Fusion-evaporation reactions observed Fusion-evaporation reactions: 56 Fe + 12 C 67 Ge + n 56 Fe + 12 C 66 Ge + 2n 56 Fe + 12 C 66 Ga + p + n 56 Fe + 12 C 65 Ga + p + 2n 56 Fe + 12 C 63 Zn + + n 56 Fe + 12 C 62 Zn + + 2n 56 Fe + 12 C 61 Cu + + p + 2n 56 Fe + 12 C 60 Cu + + p + 3n PACE2 – calculated cross-sections
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Typical deduced ion spectrum Protons: 63 Cu(p,n) 63 Zn Cold: 16 kBq 860 C: 100 Bq Fe ions: E max > 7 MeV/nucleon N ~ 5 x 10 11, C ~ 0.5 C I ~ MA (~ ps pulse)
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Laser-driven photo-nuclear reactions
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Nuclear activation: Experiment arrangement Activation samples Resistively heated target Iodine samples Laser pulse
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Photo-induced transmutation 129 I is a nuclear waste product Half-life = 15.7 million years 129 I( ,n) 128 I 128 I: Half-life = 25 minutes
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KWD Ledingham, P McKenna, J Yang, S Shimizu, T McCanny, L Robson, R P Singhal Personnel General Review: K.W.D.Ledingham, P.McKenna and R.P.Singhal, Science, 16 th May 2003 K Krushelnick, MS Wei, P Nickelson, S Mangles RJ Clarke, PA Norreys, KL Lancaster, S Karsch J Galy, J Magill R Chapman, K Spohr J Zweit, J Gillies Paterson institute for Cancer Research M Zepf M Roth, E Brambrink, M Hegelich
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