1. PTEI Summer Camp Muscles and Joints

2. What are Muscles? Units are bundled together with various connective tissues Myofibril consists of bands of actin and myosin filaments. Muscle  Fascicle  Muscle fiber  Myofibril

3. Muscles and Movement On a cellular level: ACh released by the axon ending signals a release of Ca 2+ Ca 2+ removes complex over the actin fibril. Myosin head attaches to actin groove and contracts ATP is hydrolyzed to move myosin head back to the starting position.

4. Muscles and Movement On a systemic level: Contraction Relaxation Most muscles work in muscle pairs: Contracting  Agonist “Relaxing”  Antagonist But muscles do not produce systemic motion by themselves!

5. Joints Consist of: Bone* Cartilage* Muscle* Ligaments* Tendons* Synovium* Nerves Glands Blood Vessels

6. Joints Synovial Joints: Majority of the joints in your body Contain a synovial cavity or sheath between the contact points Synovial cavity with fluid allows joints to glide across each other

7. Joints Motion Classification: Hinge Ball and Socket Pivot Ellipsoidal And many more Each joint has a certain Range of Motion (ROM) associated with it.

8. Knee

9. Hinge Joint Synovial Joint ROM: Extension and Flexion: -5 to 143 degrees (women) -6 to 140 degrees (men) Studies of the range of knee motion show that - 93 degrees is required for rising from a seated position 106 degrees is required for shoelace tying 135 degrees is required to take a bath

10. Knee Ligaments Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Located: Outer (or Lateral) side of the knee. Function: Mediolateral Stability

11. Knee Ligaments Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Located: Inner (or Medial) side of the knee. Function: Mediolateral Stability Covers major glands and nerves of the knee

12. Knee Ligaments Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Located: Inside the knee joint, under the patella, near the front (anterior) Function: Resists anterior translation and medial rotation of the tibia

13. Knee Ligaments Posterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Located: Inside the knee joint, under the patella, near the back (posterior) Function: Prevent the femur from sliding anterior to the tibia and tibia from displacing posterior to the femur

14. Chicken Leg The chicken’s knee is analogous to the human knee!! Let’s look for those ligaments!

15. PTEI Summer Camp Measuring the Effects of Injury and Illness

16. Injury and Illness Stress/Strain related: Arthritis: Fracture:

17. Current treatment Drug Therapy Partial Joint Replacement Total Joint Replacement Reattachment

18. Hopes for the Future Degradable Metal Scaffolding Ability to Align Growing Fibrils Stem Cell Therapy

19. Motion Tracking Software

20. Student Activity Goal: To understand and use motion tracking software to analyze human motion under varying degrees of injury

21. Student Activity Procedure: 1.Mark off the points of interest on and around the joint. 2.Restrict the joint according to your scoring on the previous activities 3.Video record test subjects performing the basic motion tests (see handout) to asses the joint’s flexibility, rotation, and elevation. 4.Upload videos into SportsCAD 5.Measure degrees of rotation/elevation for each scenario and compare the results. Record patient observations of how the motions felt with the restrictions. Determine LeBron’s post op status according to your results.

22. Knee (Revisited) Hinge Joint Synovial Joint ROM: Extension and Flexion: -5 to 143 degrees (women) -6 to 140 degrees (men) Studies of the range of knee motion show that - 93 degrees is required for rising from a seated position 106 degrees is required for shoelace tying 135 degrees is required to take a bath A loss of anything more than 3 degrees of motion can lead to serious problems and pain.

23. Motion Software Demo time!!

24. 24 Any questions?