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Hartwig Hochmair1 Institute for Geoinformation TU Vienna Revigis meeting Carnuntum 2001 Data Sources Used for the Navigation Process in the web
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Hartwig Hochmair2 Outline Idea of my model for WWW navigation Two data sources for WWW navigation In which realms of WWW navigation plays semantic matching a role
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Hartwig Hochmair3 Model: 2 data sources www use similarities of concepts for web navigation
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Hartwig Hochmair4 Structure of web domain Vertical categories with subcategories Crosslinks (dashed) one single graph
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Hartwig Hochmair5 User’s View: Aristotle’s Ontology object thingsbodiesqualitieseventsprocesses substanceaccident affordance [Gibson, 1977] attributesaction affordancesphysical object hierarchy
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Hartwig Hochmair6 Structure of the Semantic Map
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Hartwig Hochmair7 structure: list of graphs
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Hartwig Hochmair8 Three Levels of Matching 1.web browser interface (interface level): advertised and afforded actions meaning of symbols meaning of technical terms 2.synonymy of perceived terms (context-level) 3.view of the world of web designer and web user (ontology level)
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Hartwig Hochmair9 1. Interface Level B.Smith (1999): “In the world of information systems,…ontology is constituted by a specific vocabulary and programming environment” ontological engineers philosopher-ontologists languages descriptions software representations representation in people’s mind objects properties states events processes
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Hartwig Hochmair10 1. Technical Terms B.Smith (1999): “In the world of information systems,…ontology is constituted by a specific vocabulary and programming environment” ontological engineers philosopher-ontologists independent of language software artifact for specific use computational environment
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Hartwig Hochmair11 1. specific vocabulary for scientific domain Refresh Home Favorites Discuss Sychronize… Symbols:
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Hartwig Hochmair12 1. specific vocabulary for scientific domain Refresh Home Favorites Discuss Sychronize… Symbols: Assumed as Common knowledge – not to be expclicitely modeled
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Hartwig Hochmair13 2. Context Level One term has several meanings (polysemous terms) User-defined template: filled by information [Guarino 97] Template provides context
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Hartwig Hochmair14 2. Example for Semantic Matching Red(X) this shirt is red (colour) a politician is a red (political direction) an Indian is a red (human race) in WWW navigation: clear through context
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Hartwig Hochmair15 3. Ontology and Epistemology …the science of what is, of the kinds and structures of the objects, properties and relations in every area of reality [Smith 99] WWW: 2 different ‘ontologies’ –existing web structure (fact): ontology –user’s mental map (belief): epistemology
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Hartwig Hochmair16 3. Overlap of Ontology and Epistemology All User Designer UDUD disjoint Area
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Hartwig Hochmair17 3. Example for Successful Data Matching
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Hartwig Hochmair18 3. Potential Problems (www) Error in web design: not designed for various user groups No absolutely ‘correct ontology’ => differences between web ontology (web designer) and web user. For example: caused by inconsistent subset relations in the web structure
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Hartwig Hochmair19 missing inconsistency: clothing shoe where is link ‘shoe’ ?? user gets lost! clothingshoe
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Hartwig Hochmair20 Conclusions Different levels of semantic matching applied in WWW navigation Problem: different ontology/epistemology 2 main data sources –different structure –represent same content
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Hartwig Hochmair21 Kinds of Ontologies [Guarino 1997] top-level ontology domain ontologytask-ontology application ontology (sem. matching, Smith 1999) (symbols, similar voca- bulary, functions)
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