1. Section 2: Safety, Tools and Equipment, and Shop Practices
Unit 6: Fasteners

2. Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Identify common fasteners used with wood
Identify common fasteners used on hollow walls
Identify common fasteners used with sheet metal
Write and explain a typical tapping screw dimension

3. Objectives (cont’d.) Identify typical machine screw heads
Write and explain each part of a machine screw thread dimension
Identify and describe fasteners used in masonry applications
Describe hanging devices for piping, tubing, and ductwork
Describe solderless terminals and screw-on wire connectors

4. Nails The most popular fastener for securing wood
Different styles and types for different uses
Common nails
Masonry nails
Finishing nails
Roofing nails
Nails are sized by the term “penny”

5. Nails (cont’d.) Figure 6–2 (A) A roofing nail. (B) A masonry nail
Figure 6–1 (A) Common nails. (B) A finishing nail

6. Staples and Rivets
Staples are available in a number of sizes for different applications, such as fastening wire in place
Rivets (pin or blind) are used to join two pieces of sheet metal

7. Staples and Rivets (cont’d.)
Figure 6.3 Staples used to fasten wire to wood
Figure 6.5 A staple that is clinched outward (used to fasten soft materials together)

8. Threaded Fasteners Wood screws Tapping screws
Fasten many types of materials to wood
Generally have a flat, round, or oval head
Tapping screws
Also known as sheet metal screws
Some are self-drilling

9. Threaded Fasteners (cont’d.)
Machine screws or bolts
Used in conjunction with nuts, which thread onto the screw
Manufactured with different head shapes including round and hex
Set screws
Can have different heads
Typically used to secure pulleys to motor or blower shafts

10. Threaded Fasteners (cont’d.)
Anchors
Shield with a screw
Hollow wall
Toggle bolts
Provide a secure anchoring in hollow tiles, building block, plaster over lath, and gypsum board

11. Figure 6-20 Inserting the folded toggle into the hole in the gypsum board Photos by Eugene Silberstein
Figure 6-21 (A) Front view of completed toggle bolt installation (B) Back view of completed toggle bolt installation Photos by Eugene Silberstein

12. Figure 6-22 Plastic Toggle Photo by Eugene Silberstein
Figure 6-26 Self-drilling drywall anchors Photo by Eugene Silberstein
Figure 6-27 Installing the self-drilling drywall anchor. Photo by Eugene Silberstein
Figure 6-25 Securing object to the wall Photo by Eugene Silberstein

13. Threaded Fasteners (cont’d.)
Threaded rod and steel channel or steel channel and pipe clamps can also be used
Figure 6-28 Using threaded rod and angle steel to fabricate a hanger

14. Concrete Fasteners Figure 6-34 A concrete screw fastener
Figure 6-36 A powder-actuated fastener system Photo by Eugene Silberstein
Figure 6-35 A lag shield anchor

15. Other Fasteners Include Cotter pins – Secure pins
Pipe hooks – Wire bent to form a “U” to support pipes
Pipe straps – Mount pipes to a surface
Perforated strap – Strapping material with spaced holes
Nylon straps – Secure flexible duct to sheet metal collars

16. Other Fasteners (cont’d.)
Grille clips – Mount supply registers and grilles
Solderless terminals – Fasten stranded wire to various terminals or to connect two lengths of stranded wire together
Screw-on wire connectors – Connect two or more wires together

17. Summary
Many fasteners are used in the HVAC industry, including nails, screws, staples, anchors, and shields
Wire hooks, pipe straps, perforated straps, and threaded rod can be used to mount piping materials, duct sections, and pieces of air conditioning equipment

18. Summary (cont’d.)
Nylon straps can be used to secure flexible duct to sheet metal collars