2. Changing Economy of the South / Rise of Labor Pages 551-562 Southern Industry Labor vs. Management Knights of Labor Haymarket Riot American Federation of Labor

3. Shifting South “Coffin nails” – automation changes South from raw material producer to horizontal integrator Shift in textile manufacturing Why? Blessing or curse? Long term impacts

4. The Changing American Labor Force

5. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor  “scabs”  P. R. campaign  Pinkertons  lockout  blacklisting  yellow-dog contracts  court injunctions  open shop  boycotts  sympathy demonstrations  informational picketing  closed shops  organized strikes  “wildcat” strikes

6. Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

7. Goals of the Knights of Labor  Eight-hour workday.  Workers’ cooperatives.  Worker-owned factories.  Abolition of child and prison labor.  Increased circulation of greenbacks.  Equal pay for men and women.  Safety codes in the workplace.  Prohibition of contract foreign labor.  Abolition of the National Bank.

8. Haymarket Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

9. Haymarket Martyrs

10. Governor John Peter Altgeld

11. The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

12. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers  Catered to the skilled worker.  Represented workers in matters of national legislation.  Maintained a national strike fund.  Evangelized the cause of unionism.  Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.  Mediated disputes between management and labor.  Pushed for closed shops.

13. Why the Unions didn’t get Equality  Union members viewed as anarchists  Easy and available replacements for unskilled labor  Emergence of craft specific unions weakened national groups  Small ‘real’ numbers of members (less than 5% of workforce in 1900)  Congressional issues – impact of influence?

14. Closing the Western Frontier Pages 598-608 “Indian ‘Wars” “Buffalo Wars” Reservations and assimilation Growth of mining

15. Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851) Colorado Gold Rush (1859)

16. Colonel John Chivington Kill and scalp all, big and little! Sandy Creek, CO Massacre November 29, 1864

17. Capt. William J. Fetterman 80 soldiers massacred December 21, 1866

18. Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek (1867) 2 nd Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1868)

19. The Battle of Little Big Horn 1876

20. Chief Joseph I will fight no more forever! Nez Percé tribal retreat (1877)

21. Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 1890

22. Destruction of the Buffalo Herds The near extinction of the buffalo.

23. Helen Hunt Jackson A Century of Dishonor (1881)

24. Dawes Severalty Act (1887): Assimilation Policy Carlisle Indian School, PA

25. ProspectingProspecting

26. Mining Centers: 1900