1. Textiles Textile Industry

2. The textile industry is an extremely vital part of the overall apparel industries. Textile companies produce fibers, yarns, and fabrics for fashion and other products. The industry is very large and vital to the economy of the United States and other countries.

3. Fabric Production and Distribution There are four main steps in the production of finished fabrics. They are... Fiber Production Yarn Production Fabric (cloth) Manufacturing Fabric Finishing

4. Fiber Production Different raw materials are processed into various hair-like fibers. Agricultural industries supply natural fibers. They come from plants or animals Chemical companies produce manufactured fibers. Most are liquid chemical mixtures that form into thin “threads.”

5. Fabrics Are formed when yarns are combined. Fabrics may be constructed using a variety of different methods such as: o Weaving o Knitting o Felting

6. Fiber Sources Natural- Plant or Animal fiber that grows in nature. Two categories: Cellulosic Fibers (plant)- Include: Cotton, Linen (hemp), Ramie, Jute, Bamboo Protein Fibers (animal) Include: Wool, Silk, Leather

7. Fiber Sources (con’t) Manufactured- (Cellulosic) o Made from a Natural material called Cellulose. The cellulose is turned into a liquid and poured through a spinneret. Includes: Acetate, Rayon, Triacetate, Lyocell. Spinneret- Like a showerhead, that sprays out chemicals that harden into long strands called filament fibers.

8. Fiber Sources (con’t) Manufactured Non-cellulosic (may be called “Synthetic”- Made from chemicals, petroleum, coal, and natural gas. All of these fibers are manufactured from different combinations of petroleum, natural gas, air and water. They are poured through a spinneret. Include: Acrylic, Polyester, Nylon, Modacrylic, Spandex, and Olefin.

9. Fiber Structures Staple Fibers- Short & Fuzzy- Usually between 1” and 4” long. These tiny fibers already exist in a plant or animal. The fibers just need to be cleaned up, sorted, and purified before they are used for fabrics. o Short o Look lumpy and bumpy under a microscope o Include all natural fibers, except silk

10. Fiber Structures (con’t) Filament Fibers- Long and smooth (like fishing line) o Include all man-made, and synthetic fibers o Include Silk Spinneret- All man-made and Synthetic fibers are poured through a Spinneret to create the fiber.

11. Natural Fibers Cotton Flax (Linen) Wool Silk Hemp Bamboo Ramie Leather

12. Natural Fibers- Sources Plants and animals sources that grow in nature Cellulosic- Plant fibers o Cotton o Linen (flax) o Ramie o Hemp o Bamboo o Ramie Protein- Animal fibers o Wool o Silk o Leather

13. –Absorbent- able to take up moisture –Porous- able to breathe, air passes through –Biodegradable- able to break down –Most wrinkle easily –Tend to be more expensive –Staple fibers which look General Characteristics of Natural Fibers

14. Cotton advantages Strong, durable Soft Absorbs moisture Breathes well Washes easily Dyes well

15. Cotton disadvantages Mildews Does not spring back into shape Wrinkles easily Burns readily Shrinks

16. Blouses Dresses Skirts Undergarments Shirts Jeans Sportswear Clothing/Fashion uses

17. Care of Cotton Wash in washer and dry Iron at high temperature

18. Flax (Linen) Advantages STRONG Absorbs moisture Comfortable in warm weather Washes easily

19. Linen disadvantages Mildews WRINKLES Burns easily

20. Clothing/Fashion uses Blouses Dresses Skirts Suits

21. Care of Linen Wash or Dry Clean, CHECK LABEL Washing will change the “hand” of the fabric making it soft and wrinkled in appearance Iron at HIGH temperature with moisture and a press cloth

22. Wool Advantages WARM Durable ABSORBENT Resilient (returns to original shape quickly) Wrinkle Resistant Fire Retardant

23. Wool Disadvantages Requires special care Shrinks sometimes if washed, or dried in dryer Absorbs odors Requires protection against insects

24. Knit garments Sweaters Gloves Skirts Coats Sportswear Socks Suits slacks Clothing/Fashion uses

25. Care of Wool Dry Clean or Hand Wash and Dry flat Iron at low temperature using a press cloth

26. Silk Advantages Smooth Lustrous Strong Dries quickly

27. Silk Disadvantages Shows water spots Iron at low temperature Expensive

28. Care of silk Dry clean or hand wash, check label Iron at low temperature

29. Skirts Blouses Dresses Neckties Scarves Lingerie Sweaters Clothing/Fashion uses

30. Manufactured Fibers- Cellulosic Acetate Lyocell (Tencel®) Rayon

31. Manufactured Cellulosic Fibers Made from a natural material called “cellulose.” Found in the plant wall of different plants. General Characteristics –Breathable –Wrinkles –Heat Sensitive –Absorbent

32. Acetate Advantages Soft Drapeable Dries quickly Resistant to shrinking

33. Acetate Disadvantages Can wrinkle Low abrasion resistance Heat sensitive Damaged by acetone

34. Acetate- care Some fabrics will be washable, but many will be “dry clean only.”

35. Skirts Blouses Dresses Scarves Linings Acetate- Clothing/Fashion uses

36. Rayon advantages Soft and comfortable High moisture absorbency Drapeable

37. Rayon disadvantages May wrinkle or shrink unless treated May mildew

38. Care of Rayon Dry cleaned or washable (see label) Iron at low temperature

39. Rayon- Clothing/Fashion uses o Dresses o Shirts o Blouses o Skirts o Pants

40. Lyocel advantages Breathable Soft and comfortable Drapes well- heavier than Rayon Dull finish Absorbent Strong

41. Lyocel disadvantages Expensive Stretches in length & width Damaged with hot iron

42. Care of Lyocel Washable Dry Clean Low Iron

43. Dresses Skirts Lingerie Blouses Clothing/Fashion uses

44. Synthetic Fibers Acrylic Nylon Polyester Spandex (Lycra) Aramid (Kevlar, Nomex) Olefin Triacetate Modacrylic

45. Synthetic Fibers All are made from Petrochemicals General Characteristics - Resist Abrasion - Resist Wrinkling - Melt at High Heat - Not absorbent

46. Acrylic Advantages Soft Warm Wool-like Light weight Wrinkle resistant Resistant to moths and sunlight Affordable

47. Acrylic Disadvantages Pills Static electricity Heat sensitive

48. Care of Acrylic Dry Cleaned or laundered Iron at low temperature

49. Sweaters Knit garments Faux Fur Coats Pants Skirts Shoe soles Clothing/Fashion uses

50. Nylon Advantages Very Strong Resilient Lustrous Dries quickly Water, wind resistant Afordable

51. Nylon disadvantages May yellow or gray Heat Sensitive Low moisture absorbency Pills

52. Care of Nylon Easily laundered Iron at low temperature

53. Sportswear Jackets Raincoats Backpacks Purses Clothing/Fashion uses

54. Polyester advantages Excellent WRINKLE RESISTANCE Resistant to abrasion Dries quickly Blends well with other fibers Retains heat-set pleats and creases

55. Polyester disadvantages Absorbs oily stains Low absorbency of moisture

56. Care of Polyester Easily laundered Needs little or no pressing

57. Clothing/Fashion uses Pants Shirts Suits Sportswear Skirts

58. Spandex advantages Excellent elasticity and recovery Stronger and more durable than rubber Light weight Resistant to body oils Used for one reason: “Stretch” *Spandex is always blended with other fibers.

59. Spandex disadvantages Damaged by chlorine bleach Damaged by heat Does not Dye Well

60. Pants Shirts Jeans Sportswear Underwear Socks Bras Tights Clothing/Fashion uses

61. Fabric Blends Cotton / Polyester – Why? Cotton / Spandex – Why? Wool / Acrylic – Why? Cotton / Linen – Why? Polyester / Silk – Why? Nylon / Spandex – Why?

62. Aramid (Kevlar & Nomex) advantages Exceptional strength Exceptional heat and flame resistance Resistant to stretch and abrasion

63. Aramid disadvantages Not absorbent

64. Clothing/Fashion uses Kevlar –Bullet Proof Vests –Cut/Heat and Chemical resistant Gloves Nomex –Fireman Uniforms –Racing Apparel

65. The End…