1. Bell Ringer Germany’s policy of ___________ ___________ ____________ led to the sinking of the Lusitania. What did Vladimir Lenin promise the Russian people? What country did Russia become?

2. The End of World War I “The War to end all wars”

3. Today’s Objectives Explain why the ending of the War, without a clear-cut, knockout blow by either side, made the peace treaty process complicated. Describe how many German citizens felt towards their new government after it agreed to defeat and accepted an unfair peace settlement. Recognize Wilson’s 14 Points and explain their importance. Explain the major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles and judge its fairness and effectiveness. Identify the changes in the geography of Europe after WWI.

4. Use the pictures to figure out who the LOSER of the day is!

5. Vocabulary Armistice – agreement to stop fighting; peace Reparations – money to pay for damage caused by the war Mandate – territories administered by other countries in the name of the League of Nations Self-determination – a nation’s right to rule itself without outside interference

6. Central Powers Crumble July 1918: Allies and Germans clashed in the Second Battle of the Marne. – Allies had 350 tanks, 2 million Americans steadily advanced to Germany

7. Central Powers Crumble Bulgaria surrenders Ottoman Turks surrender Revolution in Austria- Hungary What two empires are coming to an end?

8. Germany Soldiers mutiny and the public turned on the Kaiser Kaiser Wilhelm II was forced to step down. Germany was declared a republic.

10. Armistice Armistice was signed in a railway car in a forest near Paris. On November 11, 1918: World War I came to an end.

11. Armistice Day is marked every year in Europe on the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month" by two minutes of silence.

12. Wilson’s Fourteen Points U.S. President Woodrow Wilson came up with a peace plan that he believed would bring stability to Europe. Known as the “Fourteen Points”

13. Read through SOME of Wilson’s 14 Points. Below each point, write how it directly relates to the MAIN causes of WWI.

14. 1) Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understanding of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view. 2) Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants. 4) Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments (weapons) will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.

15. 7) Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired. 8) All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.

16. 14) A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike....

17. Germany expected a treaty based on these 14 points. However, the French thought the plan was too easy Germany. The Germans were not invited to Paris to negotiate the Treaty of Versailles. Germany had no say in the making of the peace treaty. Although Germany complained about the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles, in the end Germany had no choice but to sign the document.

19. Treaty of Versailles Meeting: Paris Peace Conference Treaty: Treaty of Versailles Attendants: Woodrow Wilson (U.S.), Georges Clemenceau (France), Lloyd George (Great Britain), Premier Orlando (Italy) When: January 1919

20. The Big Four After Signing Paris, 1919 Which country is not a member of the Big Four?

21. Treaty of Versailles Skit and Questions

22. YouTube - Make Germany Pay - The Big 3

25. Journal #4 Assignment Write a journal entry from the standpoint of a German soldier on the western front after hearing about the cease-fire armistice. – What does this mean for your COUNTRY? – What will YOU do next? – How do YOU feel?