1. Identify at least two of the big trends leading to WWI. industrial arms race, colonial rivalry, nationalism, alliances

2. Why was China ripe for forced trade in the 1800s? internal turmoil

3. What was the U.S. policy for trade in China? Open Door Policy

4. Why was trade with China so important to the Europeans? Chinese goods were in high demand in Europe

5. What was the Chinese rebellion in response to the Open Door Policy? Boxer Rebellion

6. What was Bismarck’s primary foreign policy goal? avoid 2 front conflict

7. What was the root of the tension between A-H & Russia? territorial interests in the Balkans

8. In 1914, who belonged to the Triple Alliance? Italy, Germany, A-H

9. In 1914, Who belonged to the Triple Entente? GB, France & Russia

10. What event triggered war between these two alliances? Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

11. Who came in to back A-H? Serbia? Germany and Russia

12. What were the basics of the Schlieffen Plan? swing through France with strong right, defeating them quickly then beating the Russians

13. Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail? What did this lead to? weak right, digging trenches on Western Front

14. What were the two major actions on the Western Front in 1916? German attack on Verdun, Allied offensive at Somme

15. How successful were these actions? not at all

16. What were the Allies trying to accomplish at Gallipoli? break through & reestablish connection with Russia

17. What were the two major battles on the western front in 1916? Verdun and the Somme

18. Identify three weapons that were used first in WWI. machine guns, tanks, airplanes, submarines, poison gas

19. What is a war of attrition? you try to win by wearing down the other side

20. Identify at least 4 causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917. reform-revolt-repress, industrialism, Nicky’s a weenie, Rev. of 1905, Crimea, R-J War, Duma-Duma- Duma

21. Who took control in the March Revolution? liberals/cadets (Provisional Gov’t lead by Kerensky)

22. Who snuck Lenin back into Russia? Germans

23. What brought the U.S. into the war? Zimmerman Telegram & sinking of the Lusitania

24. What did the Germans do after the Bolsheviks surrendered? Launched an all out attack on the Western Front

25. What allowed the British and French to hold off this assault? help from the U.S.

26. How did the Germans try to counter the British blockade? with the U-Boat (unterseebooten)

27. What was Kerensky (and the provisional gov’t)’s biggest mistake? staying in the war vs. Germany

28. When did the Bolsheviks take control of Russia? October/November of 1917

29. What did the treaty of Brest- Litovsk give the Germans? lots of land & an indemnity

30. Why did the Bolsheviks have to sign this treaty? needed to get out of war & focus on keeping control

31. Who was the political leader of the Bolsheviks? Military Leader? Lenin, Trotsky

32. Why did Ludendorff surrender before the Allies reached Germany? wanted mild peace according to 14 Points

33. Identify three of Wilson’s 14 Points. free seas, self determination, open diplomacy, League of Nations, “Peace Without Victory”

34. Identify 4 ways that the Treaty of Versailles was hard on Germany. blame for war, huge reparations, Alsace-Lorraine, small army, dictated, demil-Rhineland

35. What did Wilson cash in his idealism for? League of Nations

36. Why did trench warfare suck? (list at least three reasons) machine guns, trench foot, boredom, shell shock, rats, barbed wire

37. Who ruled Japan for the 200 years leading up to 1850? the Tokugawa shogunate

38. What was the shogunate’s policy towards the rest of the world? complete isolation

39. What was the key factor that caused the Japanese to open relations with the U.S. after Perry’s visit? the threat of military action

40. What did the Sat-Cho do to bring about the end of the Tokugawa shogunate? resisted their attempts to deal with the west and ultimately attacked the shogunate’s palace and forced them to restore the emperor

41. How did the new Japanese emperor refer to his reign? What did this mean? meiji, enlightened rule

42. Where did the Japanese emperor look for models for a new government? the western nations

43. In the new Meiji government that emerged, who had the most power? The executive authority, which was the prime minister and the other cabinet ministers

44. The new government of Japan was modern and democratic in appearance, but in reality, who still held most of the power? The authoritarian Sat-Cho elite

45. What was the negative impact of the new Meiji land tax on the farmers? Those who could not afford it became tenant farmers (essentially peasants again)

46. Name two specific things the gov’t did to support growing industry. Subsidies, training from foreign advisors, education

47. Where did the Japanese find an abundant source of cheap labor? Farmers who were fleeing from the land tax

48. What did the Meiji require from all Japanese men? 3 years of military service

49. What two Japanese groups bore the greatest burden for the transition to a modern industrial nation? The farmers and the new industrial workers

50. What dynasty had ruled China for over three hundred years prior to 1912? the Manchu dynasty

51. Who were the Manchu overthrown by in 1912? supporters of Sun Yat Sen

52. What large group will the Chiang Kai Shek and the nationalists come into conflict with in the struggle for control of China? Mao Tse Tung and the Communists