1. Overview of Data Center Energy Use Bill Tschudi, LBNL WFTschudi@lbl.gov

2. Data Center Definitions Server closet < 200 sf Server room <500 sf Localized data center <1,000 sf Mid-tier data center <5,000 sf Enterprise class data center 5000+ sf Focus today’s training on larger data centers—however most principles apply to any size center

3. EPA report to Congress— Breakdown of Space

4. Data Center Efficiency Opportunities Benchmarking of over 25 centers consistently lead to opportunities No silver bullet Lots of silver bb’s

5. Server Load/ Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversion & Distribution Alternative Power Generation High voltage distribution Use of DC power Highly efficient UPS systems Efficient redundancy strategies Load management Server innovation Energy Efficiency Opportunities Are Everywhere Better air management Better environmental conditions Move to liquid cooling Optimized chilled-water plants Use of free cooling On-site generation Waste heat for cooling Use of renewable energy/fuel cells

6. IT Equipment Load Density

7. Benchmarking Energy End Use

8. Overall Electrical Power Use in Data Centers Courtesy of Michael Patterson, Intel Corporation

9. Performance Varies The relative percentages of the energy actually doing computing varied considerably.

10. High Level Metric— Percentage of Electricity Delivered to IT Equipment Average.57 Higher is better Source: LBNL Benchmarking

11. Alternate High Level Metric – Data Center Total Electrical Demand/ IT Equipment Demand (PUE) Average 1.83 Lower is better Source: LBNL Benchmarking

12. HVAC System Effectiveness We observed a wide variation in HVAC performance

13. Benchmark Results Can Help Identify Best Practices The ratio of IT equipment power to the total is an indicator of relative overall efficiency. Examination of individual systems and components in the centers that performed well helped to identify best practices.

14. Best HVAC Practices Air Management Air Management Air Economizers Air Economizers Humidification Control Humidification Control Centralized Air Handlers Centralized Air Handlers Low Pressure Drop Systems Low Pressure Drop Systems Fan Efficiency Fan Efficiency Cooling Plant Optimization Cooling Plant Optimization Water Side Economizer Water Side Economizer Variable Speed Chillers Variable Speed Chillers Variable Speed Pumping Variable Speed Pumping Direct Liquid Cooling Direct Liquid Cooling

15. Best Electrical Practices UPS systems UPS systems Self-generation Self-generation AC-DC distribution AC-DC distribution Standby generation Standby generation

16. Best Practices and IT Equipment Power supply efficiency Power supply efficiency Standby/sleep power modes Standby/sleep power modes IT equipment fans IT equipment fans Virtualization Virtualization Load shifting Load shifting

17. Best Practices— Cross-Cutting and Misc. Issues Motor efficiency Motor efficiency Right sizing Right sizing Variable speed drives Variable speed drives Lighting Lighting Maintenance Maintenance Continuous Commissioning and Benchmarking Continuous Commissioning and Benchmarking Heat Recovery Heat Recovery Building Envelope Building Envelope Redundancy Strategies Redundancy Strategies Methods of charging for space and power Methods of charging for space and power

18. Potential Savings Electrical bill will exceed the cost of IT equipment over its useful life 20-40% savings typically possible Aggressive strategies – better than 50% savings Paybacks are short – 1 to 3 years are common

19. Scenarios of Projected Energy Use from EPA Report to Congress 2007 - 2011

20. The Good News: Industry is taking action – –IT manufacturers – –Infrastructure equipment manufacturers Industry Associations are leading: – –ASHRAE – –Green Grid – –Uptime Institute – –Afcom – –Critical Facilities Roundtable – –7 X 24 Exchange

21. IT Industry Taking Action www.climatesaverscomputing.orgwww.climatesaverscomputing.org. www.thegreengrid.com

22. More Good News: Utilities are getting involved: – –PG&E, SCE, San Diego – –CEE CA incentive programs are aggressive California Energy Commission, DOE, EPA all have data center initiatives

23. Design Guidelines Were Developed in Collaboration With PG&E Guides available through PG&E’s Energy Design Resources Website

24. Design Guidance is Summarized in a Web Based Training Resource http://hightech.lbl.gov/dctraining/TOP.html

25. Resources summary sheet available

26. Take Aways Various meanings for “data centers” Benchmarking helps identify performance Benchmarking suggests best practices Efficiency varies Large opportunity for savings Resources are being developed