1. PLANTS- Structure Roots and Stems

2. ROOTS-Function 1. Anchor the plant to the soil 2. Absorb water and minerals from the soil 3. May store food 4. Transport water and dissolved substances from the root into the stem

3. ROOTS-Types 1. Tap-store large amounts of food and water Example-Carrot 2. Fibrous roots-absorb water and anchor the plant Example-grass 3. Combinations of those two as well as other specialized root systems

4. ROOTS-Growth -Meristems: areas of rapidly dividing cells -Apical meristem: causes root to grow longer, located at the tip of the root behind the root cap (the protective covering) Vascular cambium: adds cells to increase roots diameter located between the xylem and phloem

5. STEMS-Function 1. Support the aboveground parts of the plant 2. Expose the leaves to sunlight 3. Sometimes photosynthesis (if they are green) and food storage occur in the stem 4. Transport materials

6. 4. Transport- Xylem tissues transport water from the roots to the leaves Phloem tissue transport sugars, minerals, and hormones throughout the plant (food) Translocation is the term used to describe movement of sugars from the leaves through the phloem

7. STEMS-Types 1. Herbaceous stems-soft, green, flexible; usually carry out photosynthesis; Examples are daisies, carnations, petunias 2. Woody stems-hard and rigid; add thickness, called secondary growth (wood)

8. STEMS-Growth Apical meristem produces new cells, located at the top of the stem, growth in length Lateral meristem or vascular cambium increases stem’s diameter