1. CHEMISTRY Unit 10 Notes: Acid & Base Stuff

2. (1) Acids Release H+ (hydrogen ions) when they dissociate in water. Common Characteristics: – pH = 0-6 – Indicator Colors = Reds, Oranges, Yellows

4. (2) Bases Release OH- (hydroxide ions) when they dissociate in water. Common Characteristics: – pH = 8-14 – Indicator Colors = Blues, Purples

6. (3) Arrhenius Acids & Bases States that… – Acids add H+ ions to an aqueous solution. – Bases add OH- ions to an aqueous solution.

7. (4) Bronsted-Lowry Acids & Bases States that… – Acids donate protons (H+ ions) to another substance. – Bases remove protons (H+ ions) to another substance.

8. (5) Strong & Weak Acids/Bases Strong = Fully dissociates in solution. Weak = Partially dissociates in solution.

10. (6) pH Scale Acids: – Higher concentration of H+ ions = Lower pH – Lower concentration of H+ ions = Higher pH Bases: – Higher concentration of OH- ions in solution = Higher pH – Lower concentration of OH- ions = Lower pH Neutral Substances: – Have an equal concentration of H’s and OH’s

13. (7) Dilutions Dilute = To add water to a solution. (“Watering it down”.) When you dilute something…. – Decreases the concentration of the acid/base. – Solution gets closer to a pH of 7 (neutral)